Color and Gatsby Essay

Convey The Jazz Age: overwhelming parties, dresses and a variety of colours to symbolise the vibrant and colourful (maybe garish? ) lives/culture of people during The Jazz Age. Yellow and Gold: Money, Money, Money. Oh, and Death. First off, we’ve got yellows and golds, which we’re thinking has something to do with†¦gold (in the cash money sense). Why gold and not green? Because we’re talking about the real stuff, the authentic, traditional, â€Å"old money† – not these new-fangled dollar bills. So you have Gatsby’s party, where the turkeys are â€Å"bewitched to dark gold,† and Jordan’s â€Å"slender golden arm[s]† (3. 19), and Daisy the â€Å"golden girl† (7. 99), and Gatsby wearing a gold tie to see Daisy at Nick’s house. But yellow is different. Yellow is fake gold; it’s veneer and show rather than substance. We see that with the â€Å"yellow cocktail music† at Gatsby’s party (1) and the â€Å"two girls in twin yellow dresses† who aren’t as alluring as the golden Jordan (3. 15). Also yellow? Gatsby’s car, symbol of his desire—and failure—to enter New York’s high society. And if that weren’t enough, T. J. Eckleburg’s glasses, looking over the wasteland of America, are yellow. White: Innocence and Femininity. Maybe. While we’re looking at cars, notice that Daisy’s car (back before she was married) was white. So are her clothes, the rooms of her house, and about half the adjectives used to describe her (her â€Å"white neck,† â€Å"white girlhood,† the king’s daughter â€Å"high in a white palace†). Everyone likes to say that white in The Great Gatsby means innocence, probably because (1) that’s easy to say and (2) everyone else is saying it. But come on – Daisy is hardly the picture of girlish innocence. At the end of the novel, she’s described as selfish, careless, and destructive. Does this make the point that even the purest characters in Gatsby have been corrupted? Did Daisy start off all innocent and fall along the way, or was there no such purity to begin with? Or, in some way, does Daisy’s decision to remain with Tom allow her to keep her innocence? We’ll keep thinking about that one. Blue: This One’s Up For Grabs Then there’s the color blue, which we think represents Gatsby’s illusions — his deeply romantic dreams of unreality. We did notice that the color blue is present around Gatsby more than any other character. His gardens are blue, his chauffeur wears blue, the water separating him from Daisy is his â€Å"blue lawn† (9. 150), mingled with the â€Å"blue smoke of brittle leaves† in his yard. His transformation into Jay Gatsby is sparked by Cody, who buys him, among other things, a â€Å"blue coat†Ã¢â‚¬â€and he sends a woman who comes to his house a â€Å"gas blue† dress (3. 25). Before you tie this up under one simple label, keep in mind that the eyes of T. J. Eckleburg are also blue, and so is Tom’s car. If blue represents illusions and alternatives to reality, maybe that makes the eyes of God into a non-existent dream. As for Tom’s car†¦well, you can field that one. Grey and a General Lack of Color: Lifelessness (no surprise there) If the ash heaps are associated with lifelessness and barrenness, and grey is associated with the ash heaps, anyone described as grey is going to be connected to barren lifelessness. Our main contender is Wilson: â€Å"When anyone spoke to him he invariably laughed in an agreeable colorless way† (2. 17). Wilson’s face is â€Å"ashen,† and a â€Å"white ashen dust† covers his suit (2. 17), and his eyes are described as â€Å"pale† and â€Å"glazed. † We’re not too surprised when she shows up with a gun at the end of the novel. Green: Life, Vitality, The Future, Exploration Last one. We’re thinking green = plants and trees and stuff, so it must represent life and springtime and other happy events. Right? Well, the most noticeable image is that green light we seem to see over and over. You know, the green light of the â€Å"orgastic future† that we stretch our hands towards, etc.   (9. 149). Right before these famous last lines, Nick also describes the â€Å"fresh, green breast of the new world,† the new world being this land as Nick imagines it existed hundreds of years before. Green also shows up—we think significantly—as the â€Å"long green tickets† that the rich kids of Chicago use as entry to their fabulous parties, the kind of parties where Daisy and Tom meet, and where Gatsby falls in love. So green does represent a kind of hope, but not always a good one. When Nick imagines Gatsby’s future without Daisy, he sees â€Å"a new world, material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously about†¦ like that ashen fantastic figure gliding toward him through the amorphous trees. † Nick struggles to define what the future really means, especially as he faces the new decade before him (the dreaded thirties). Is he driving on toward grey, ashen death through the twilight, or reaching out for a bright, fresh green future across the water?

The World Tomorrow

In a dimly-lit alley filled with strewn garbage and nondescript graffiti over the walls, a magnificent sight somewhat overpowered the rather dismal scene. A bright city that was once filled with concrete buildings, stood gleaming against a dark evening sky. The building are pearly-white, sleek, patterned after many ultra-modern designs of the day. Yet the city still retained vestiges of the past, with many obsolete yet historic buildings scattered around the city. Cars still fill the busy highways in and around the city. The luxurious-looking cars are environment friendly, has the most up-to-date safety features, while remaining affordable to most of the citizens. And yet, in spite of all these advancements, the human race envisioned something better than themselves – creating artificial intelligence in order to decrease the woes of manual labor. Humans then have the power of god himself, not only creating life but also creating consciousness. This intelligence is implanted on machines that replaces manual labor that human beings usually do. Highly-efficient, low-maintenance and cheap, human life may have become marginally easier than in the past. Yet, society remains. Humans, motivated by individual will, still create problems that eventually destroys themselves. There is still much squabble of power, sphere of influence and domination over other countries. Political power becomes the forefront of every country, always trying to prove dominance Even with the disguise of modern development, the essence of society still remains as a grim reminder of the past. In twenty years, the human race would have taken a great leap forward in technology, but would have evolved slowly as a society. As long as there humans on earth, there will be always misunderstanding.

Atwood’s short story “Bluebeard’s Egg” Essay

Atwood’s Bluebeard’s Egg is a narrative that supports the theme of perception being a human characteristic which only presents the truth the particular person wants to believe. The first evidence of this appears in Sally’s description of Edward, her husband, who by her thoughts is a â€Å"dumb blond† that need her protection and intelligence to survive. â€Å"At set intervals an angel appears, bringing him food. That’s fine with Ed who hardly notices what he eats, but the angel is getting tired of being an angel† (168, prgh1) We get this image of the â€Å"caring wife† protecting a not-so-intelligent husband out of love and pity. This is Sally’s perception of the truth. On the other hand we see her immaturity in her diction (â€Å"heart-men† â€Å"fix their hearts†, â€Å"looked like a giant-fig†) which shows her ignorance of her husband’s line of work which is substantially difficult and requires intelligence and dedication that few people possess. This is why the readers start to doubt Sally’s truth and at this point we side with the other â€Å"some† who say that he is â€Å"intelligent and even brilliant, otherwise how can he be so successful†? (151, last pgh) This first conflict that takes place in the readers themselves furthers the theme of the story. Who can we trust and why? Sally’s perception is the lense that we see the story through, but without it we wouldn’t have a vision at all. So we have to take her reality and decide which truth we want to believe. Ed’s truth of a middle-age well-off physician with a beautiful, young wife who â€Å"doesn’t care much for anything† except the nice routine of his life. Or Marylynn’s perception of a liberal, independent and confident woman who doesn’t need a husband to enjoy her life. Or finally Sally’s desperate attempt to hold on to her perfect life – married to a wealthy handsome but not-so-smart husband who provides a normal â€Å"happy† life for her. The point in the story where Sally catches her husband and her best friend crossing that line of appropriateness, is when she realizes that her perception of what was real was actually all wrong from the begging. This sudden crack in her â€Å"perfect† life threatens the very foundations of an her seemingly stable universe. â€Å"Sally has been wrong about Ed, for years, forever.† (182) This is a crucial moment in the story as it shows Sally’s epiphany and provides a mysterious moment as to what she was going to do –  face her husband and her best friend, or try to ignore it in order to save her marriage, her security blanket. â€Å"Sally puts down the spatula, wipes her hand on the hand-towel, puts her arms around him, holds on tighter that she should.† (183, 3rd prgh) This is the image we get – of Sally trying to hold on to her illusory reality. In a way the egg in the story is the truth that humans seek but the truth is covered by the hard protective shell and only people who go beyond the surface and look for change can get to the core – to the truth which provides liberation. The structure of the story with the old â€Å"Bluebeard† tale in the middle of this new story reminds me of the egg which was once created and now has a life inside itself and will create in its turn. â€Å"Sally thinks the egg is alive, and one day it will hatch. But what will come out of it?† (184, 1st prgh) This relates to Atwood’s contemplating of the â€Å"creative process†. Like in other poems by her, we see the birth of new concepts from the roots of our very own creation. This also compares to the ways in which our engagement with a text, the act of reading literature, corresponds to â€Å"reading† reality. Atwood’s story suggests that in both instances, â€Å"guesswork† or â€Å"intuition† is as fundamental as close analysis. But whether our interpretation of the story is intuitive or analytical, the outcome is an unending quest after an illusory truth because nothing is what it seems.

Exam critically the role of the servicesape in manipuating customer's Essay

Exam critically the role of the servicesape in manipuating customer's decision making approach and avoidance behaviours - Essay Example Service could also be totally intangible like the cellular phone services. Servicescape refers to the style and appearance of the physical surroundings where the customers and the service provider interact. In the increasingly competitive environment companies have been challenged to augment their core services with value-added benefits which would help them to sustain competitive advantage. The outcome of service experience is evaluated not merely in terms of utility but also from an experiential perspective. For instance gourmet food can be made available at sporting events. Thus emphasis is given on managing the service firm’s physical facility. All these value-added service help to enhance revenue and hence servicescape has become a focal point in the delivery of customer delight. This paper will critically examine the role of the servicescape in manipulating customers decision making approach and avoidance behaviors in all three types of distribution channels. The physical environment is an important determinant of consumer perceptions and future behaviors. This makes it important to understand how the physical environment leads to consumer outcome behaviors. The role of physical environment is that it should attract attention. The servicescape acts as a package and the first impression is created which influences the customer what to expect inside the place of purchase. Compared to competition, the servicescape should stand out. In the case of Disneyworld it acts as a differentiator. The physical environment should also be able to create and deliver a message. Hotels use symbolic cues to communicate with customers about quality and the nature of service. It acts as a facilitator as a well-designed facility can make the experience pleasurable for the customer. Thirdly, the physical environment should create an impact through its dà ©cor and landscaping, through

Diplomatic truth Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diplomatic truth - Coursework Example job of a diplomat is to deliver a message across without saying it directly; hence, the origin of the term diplomatese or the lingo and jargon of diplomacy. A non-diplomat untrained in an art that hides its message in plain language may have difficulty deciphering its actual message. In todays globalized environment, diplomacy acquires greater significance to impose order and avoid conflicts among various competing national interests along strategic issues like in trade or military considerations or in the scramble for scarce and declining resources. One baffling question is whether there is such a thing as â€Å"diplomatic truth† when the art of diplomacy requires and dictates that diplomats avoid harsh or direct language but still in diplomatic parlance deliver the message as intended that is well understood by the recipients. If we realize that truth can sometimes be a relative concept (true to one person but false to the other person sitting opposite the negotiating table), then diplomatic truth is indeed an idea that can acquire various shades. This can be discerned in the way and what language is used in the art of diplomatic exchanges, ranging from the mild (indirect) to the harsh (direct), in degrees. Diplomacy is like a room full of mirrors; one has to discern correctly what was being said in order to avoid gross misinterpretations and costly mistakes amid all the double talk. In this regard, it can be said that there is really no real diplomatic truth in the literal sense. Truth is a mirage in diplomatic circles and in high places during policy-making discussions. The use of diplomatic truth, if ever it exists, is to refine the language to deliver several meanings but at the same time, perhaps a strong message. It is contained in the old phrase â€Å"suaviter in modo, fortiter in re† or translated roughly as, resolute in execution but gentle in manners. Ambiguity in diplomacy is intentional and forms part of the polite language in the art of

Patient expierence undergoing surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Patient expierence undergoing surgery - Essay Example Surgery represents a major trauma that provokes a relatively stereotyped physiological response. A period of postoperative recovery follows, ranging from a few days to several weeks depending, primarily, on the severity of the pre-existing pathology and the surgical procedure performed (Munafo & Stevenson, 2001). For many patients, undergoing surgery can be a daunting thought. It has been shown that the majority of patients admitted to hospital for elective surgery experience anxiety preoperatively. The cause for pre-operative anxiety can be attributed to many factors. Personal factors may include fear for the unknown outcome of the surgery, as some very risky surgical procedures can result in paralysis, coma and death, as the worst case scenario. Some patients also experience anxiety concerning the impact of their condition to their loved ones. Monetary issues as to the cost of the surgery itself, pre and post ancillary procedures, medications and hospital rates is also known to be a major cause of anxiety for most patients. Anxiety and stress are unpleasant sensations and can also adversely influence the surgical procedure as well as affect the patients recovery (Badner, Nielson, Munk, Kwiatkowska & Gelb, 1990). Therefore, it is the objective of this paper to determine the physiological effects of surgical interventions as well as positioning on the patient, taking into consideration the effects of anxiety and stress on a patients perspective. For this case, the surgical procedure being used as an example is hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is defined as the surgical removal of the uterus. The three common types of hysterectomy are: supracervical (partial) hysterectomy, which is the removal of the uterus without the cervix, total (complete) hysterectomy which is the removal of both uterus and cervix and radical hysterectomy which removes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, lymph

Chinese Students in The United States Of America Research Paper

Chinese Students in The United States Of America - Research Paper Example These students have used available opportunities and vacancies to do further studies and get quality education in the United States of America. Other than sending students to study in the United States of America, China sends its students to study in other western countries like France, England, Australia and Canada. The numbers have greatly increased over the recent years. Accreditation of United States education programs almost everywhere in the world is the biggest reason as to why students from all nations of the world go for studies in the United States of America (Lin, 2). Chinese students are not an exemption and they view their universities not as good as those in the United States. Apart from a few universities in China like the Tsinghua University, Perking University and Fudan University whose programs can be recognized the world over; others are inferior to those in the United States of America and those in the western countries. This makes Chinese students flock the Unite d States of America in search of universities that will offer them the opportunity to study in better universities (Bartlett and Fischer, 1). The economic growth of China has seen a rise in the numbers of parents who can afford the expensive studies in the United States of America. Those parents who value education and belong to the wealthy class send their children to study abroad. The United States of America’s education system is seen as prestigious and hence some more parents send their children not only to study in the US, but also as a way of showing prestige. According to Chen Yafeng an Ambow Education operation director in a Chinese consultancy firm involved in preparation of students willing to study abroad, while Chinese student doing studies abroad relied on scholarship in the past, there was a rise in the number of students paying their full tuition to about 60 percent (Spak, 1). As mentioned earlier, lack of many good universities in China is a major contributor of students from the country to going to the United States in search of good universities that could offer them courses that they want. Universities in China cannot accommodate all the high school graduates and hence a bigger number of those locked out of the universities are forced to look for alternatives. While most of them go to study in colleges to achieve diplomas, others feel that Chinese diplomas will lock them out while looking for jobs. They also feel that a diploma is not a good qualification as a degree and hence opt to going to foreign countries to study. This group of students forms a large potion in many universities in the United States of America (Lin, 2). Other Students from China have also gone to study in the United States in search of a more flexible and accommodative programs that allows innovation and creativity. Chinese students like Ariel Lai who studies at the University of Southern California observed that studies abroad allowed someone to learn many pract ical things, which included topics relating to life after school, something she believed that Chinese universities could not offer. One Chinese female student (Zhen Ye) doing studies in the United States of America observed that though there are various Majors for Chinese students in China to choose from, the universities offered low flexibility more so after one started school. She also observed that she could not choose the course to do since the courses was predesigned

Cruise lines Carnival vs Royal Carribean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cruise lines Carnival vs Royal Carribean - Essay Example Carnival’s reputation has evolved from being associated with the young party crowd to being the â€Å"Fun Ships† with a less formal ambience and greatly improved quality that is now appealing to cruisers of all ages. â€Å"The world's largest cruise line's humble origins pigeonholed it as the cruise industry's version of a floating fraternity party for a long, long time. But that's yesterday, and while Carnival still commands a certain reputation for a flashy, neon-esque atmosphere, and by no means stints on elaborate lounges and discos, its ships continue to evolve† (http://www.expedia.com/daily/cruise/lines/cl1.asp?rfrr=-26926). Carnival’s food, entertainment, and amenities have all improved dramatically, as have the size and technological features of the ships that comprise its fleet. Royal Caribbean has a reputation as an active cruise line that has a lot to offer for sports enthusiasts, with the largest ships on the seas offering options such as rock climbing and skating facilities. The cruise line is known for consistently high quality that has not changed over the years. â€Å"Across the board, food is amazingly consistent and well-prepared—from the dining room to the buffet to the 24-hour room service—especially considering the capacity of the ships† (http://www.expedia.com/daily/cruise/lines/cl10.asp?rfrr=-26926). Royal Caribbean has received kudos for offering free equipment rental for use in its sporting facilities. The rivalry between these two cruise lines is intense, and has largely driven the cutting edge developments in their ships and services. One is continually trying to upstage the other with announcements of new vessels being developed or put into commission that are the largest known. This battle to be have biggest ships has thus far been won by Royal Caribbean. "One of Royal Caribbean's best tricks has been to repeatedly announce, build and sail the biggest cruise ship in the world. In fact, they relish announcing such a new ship will be built usually the same week as Carnival announces it has just launched its biggest vessel ever. For instance, at almost exactly the same time Carnival floated out the first post 100,000-ton cruise ship ever, Royal Caribbean trounced the publicity by announcing they would build one of nearly 140,000 tons." (http://cruisemates.com/articles/reviews/rci/index.cfm). The ability of Royal Caribbean to maintain its competitive edge as far as the size of its vessels has enabled it to be the leading carrier by volume of passengers. This dominant market position comes despite Carnival's claim to the most cruise ships afloat. Carnival Cruise Line's parent company, Carnival Corp., when accounting for all of its subsidiaries, "carries one in four passengers today on no fewer than 79 ships" (http://cruisemates.com/articles/reviews/carnival/index.cfm). Obviously, the two companies are the dominant players that set the tone for the entire industry, and might be likened to Coca Cola and Pepsi in the beverage industry, or MacDonald's and Burger King in the fast food industry. In terms of wide appeal to various interests, Carnival arguably wins. According to Cruisemates.com, "it is hard to compete with Carnival's ability to establish and embellish a simple concept; build fun ships with good food, and make sure the staff understands the concept. Royal Caribbean may have many more things to do onboard, but Carnival may be arguably 'more fun' based solely upon their attitude. Where Royal Caribbean

Chapter 1 of dissertation on building level principals' knowledge of

Chapter 1 of on building level principals' knowledge of special education law - Dissertation Example blame on the principals, it is, however, important to make sure that the authorities charged with such crucial decisions possess ample knowledge on the legal aspects of special education. Moreover, sound decisions in this regard can only be arrived at when the decision-maker is familiar with the pertinent laws on special education and has formal or any comparable educational background on special education law. A state-wide study, in this regard, will serve as an essential step towards a better understanding of school administrator’s level of proficiency in special education law. Such study will also shed light as to what interventions may be designed and implemented to see to it that the needs of students with disability can be better served, vis a vis the regular students, en route to the optimization of the academic potentials of both types of students. Background of the Study Historically, students with disabilities have not always been guaranteed access to education (Chur ch and Glaaser, 2010; Ebersold, 2011; Flexer, Baer, Luft & Simmons, 2008; Wearmouth, Glynn & Berryman, 2005). The 19th century saw the beginnings of public support for free public education through the passing of compulsory laws on education which allowed representation of both genders, different ages, socio-economic status, and cultural background. One of the most popular legal battles fought for equality in education was Brown v. Board of Education (of Topeka) where Oliver Brown challenged and conquered racial segregations in American schools in 1954 (Miller, 2004). Yet, until the middle of the 1970s, individuals with disabilities did not benefit from the so-called free education. In 1972, a court ruling in Parc v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had to decide that children suffering from... The main purpose of the ‘Chapter 1 of dissertation on building level principals' knowledge of special education law’ is to evaluate the level of proficiency of building level administrators in Pennsylvania of special education laws and look at possible factors which facilitate or deter their decision making on special education issues by way of a mixed methods design. An investigation of factors facilitating and hindering decision making will entail a profound analysis of the type and level of the administrators’ background in special education law; experience and confidence level in handling special education issues; and proficiency of basic special education law in terms of their perceptions on selected cases. The proposed study will adopt the input-process-output model as its theoretical framework grounded on Anderson and Arsenault who recognizes this paradigm for its simplicity simple and wide applicability to education research. In this study, inputs include: (1) the perceptions of building level administrators on selected issues covered in relevant special education laws in Pennsylvania; (2) information on the type and level of special education background among building level administrators; (3) self-reported experience of the building level administrators in handling special education issues in school; (4) self-reported confidence level of the building level administrators when handling special education cases; and (5) areas of greatest concern in special education law as self-reported by building level administrators in their disposition on relevant issues in school.

Global Warming and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming and Religion - Essay Example Two thirds of the overall increase in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere since the 19th century has occurred since 1980. The environmental experts are certain of the fact that the increase in global warming is due to the rising concentrations of the greenhouse gases that are produced as a result of different human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The increasing debates regarding global warming have raised a question whether the action to reduce global warming is a theological and moral imperative or a matter of human and environmental expediency. The following paper would analyse the situation from both perspectives and it would be inferred whether the action to reduce global warming is linked with religion. There are a number of factors that have led the people to consider the religious and moral aspects of the actions to reduce global warming. A number of people hold the perspective that had everyone followed the religion properly the situation of global warming would not have arisen. The religion provides comprehensive details regarding the right way of life but these teachings have been ignored by the people and the global warming is one of the consequences of such ignorance.... It is one of the attributes held by the people who are inclined towards the religion. However people who do not follow the teachings of the religion properly moved towards luxury and in order to have an easier life, and they started to consume the natural resources in order to have luxuries. The scientists and environmental experts are certain that the main reason behind global warming is the consumption of fossil fuels and deforestation. In order to have luxurious ways of life, people got involved in the consumption of such rare resources and the situation has gotten worse ever since. Therefore, people who are inclined towards religion exercise simplicity which in itself is an action to reduce global warming (Stafford 1998). Stewardship of God’s Creation It is a common belief that stewardship of God’s creation is a biblical principle therefore man is responsible to take care of everything that has been bestowed upon him by God. The Earth and its many resources can be r egarded as God’s creation therefore man should ensure that all these resources are taken care of. However, the very cause of the global warming has been disclosed as the exploitation of natural resources. Each creation by God holds some purpose on Earth and moving it from its place may hold certain consequences, and this is being observed today in the form of rising global warming. Thus, the stewardship of God’s creation is one biblical principle that shows that the action to reduce global warming has a strong theological perspective (Nolen 2004). Rights of Non-Human Creatures The religion teaches that the rights of the inanimate planet and its non-human creatures are considered to be highly

Strengths and weaknesses of Rolls Royce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strengths and weaknesses of Rolls Royce - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Rolls Royce has been a pioneer in the motor car market for over 100 years. It continues to set the standard for motor cars in the industry. Financial ratios help to analyze the financial health of a company. Gross profit margin is an indicator of how %age of a sales dollar is left after the payment of the goods has been made. It is the actual markup on the goods sold. It is better for the company if it has a higher gross profit margin. Rolls Royce gross profit margin has been stable for the past 5 years. There hasn’t been much change in the gross profit margin of the company. This means that with respect to each unit of the product the margin has been consistent and hence the company has been effectively maintaining the process of manufacturing of goods. Operating profit margin indicates the profit margin after payment is made for goods as well as its fixed expenses and other variables. This again has been stable for Rolls Royce with no sharp changes. This means that company understands its business very well and is very effective in managing it. The company has knows how to efficiently manage the various processes of its business. Net Profit margin is the actual measure of a company’s financial success. Net profit margin indicates how profitable the company is. Therefore, higher the net profit margin more profitable the company is. Rolls Royce’s performance with respect to net profit margin has been very inconsistent over the past 5 years.

Davy Crockett Essay Example for Free

Davy Crockett Essay Davy did many thing through out his childhood all the way up to his adulthood. Davy was born in Tennessee on August 17, 1786 . John crockett (davy’s father) sent Davy to work for a man who was taking a herd of cattle to Virginia at age 12. Davy helped the man drive cattle for over 200 miles from Tennessee to Virginia. The trip was a little over 2 weeks, and then Davy finely returned home. Soon after, the man Wanted Davy to keep working for him. Davy was homesick but he still said yes. About one month later Davy could not stand being away from his family. So he ran away from the mans house and headed home. At age 13 Davy set out on his own, and learned to become one of the worlds greatest/and craftiest backwoodsman around. Legend says that Davy was friends with a bear and could get a raccoon to come down from a tree by just grinning at it . At age 16 Davy moved back to Tennessee with his family. In 1811 Davy’s family moved to Tennessee. They made there home near what is now the border of Alabama. By 1813 the white men had made the native Americans very made. The native Americans were called the creeks. The reason for the creeks being made is because the white men took there land. The white men thought the creeks were going to attack so they attacked first. the creeks fought back against the white men. This started a war. Davy helped the creeks fight against the white men. When Davy got back from the creek war, Polly gave birth to a daughter. Polly died in the summer of 1815. In 1816 Davy married Elizabeth Patton to care for his two children, let alone her own three children. In 1816 Davy almost died of malaria, and in 1818 Davy becomes a â€Å"court referee† in Lawrence country, Tennessee. In 1821 David Crockett was elected to the state legislature at age 35. In 1827 David Crockett was elected to the House of Representatives in Congress. David Crockett served in congress from 1827-1831, and then he served in Congress again from 1833- 1835. when he was in Congress he often made speeches and told many of his adventures. Books came out filled with information and stories about Davy’s life. They even made a lay about Davy called the lion of the west in 1831. David Crockett and a congressman Thomas Chilton wrote a book about Davy’s life. Davy was a legend while he was still living, and still is a legend to this very day. in 1835 David Crockett moved to Texas. Texas was not a state when Davy moved there. Davy was now 49 years old and he wanted to explore the frontier . Davy joined the Texas army. David fought in the Texas revolution in 183 6. the Texas Revolution was over a Mexican government that ruled Texas. The people who lived in Texas wanted to be free from the Mexicans.

Online Course Registration And Management System

Online Course Registration And Management System Currently the Microsoft IT Academy in Multimedia University Melaka using the website that hosted in MMU server to provide information regarding the course offered as well as the registration method to enroll on the specific course. As the course registration is still done manually, below is the summary of the problem on the manual method: User : It consumes time as user is not enabling to book the seat if they have not submitted the form manually together with official receipt to the instructor. The user can pay the registration trough many ways, such as Online Banking, but they still have to submit the official receipt taken from Multimedia University finance division. Administrator/Instructor : Administrators have to wait until the number of registrant fulfills the minimum requirement of the course to open class. All registration related must be done manually, as no online system available yet. Financial report must be also done manually in order to keep track of the financial progress of the courses. Project Objective The project objective will be focused on developing an online course registration to ensure the effectiveness of the flow of registration. Moreover the system will offer a complete management system that integrated with the online course registration to help the stakeholder for maintaining the flow process of the course. The registration process can be done online without the need of paperwork anymore. It is also help the student to get more information about the course process while they enrolled. The administrator will get easier way to determine the seat of the courses, keep track of the registration module, and generate report for the year to help them determine the development of the courses. The cores of objectives of the project are followings: To study existing course registration system in Microsoft IT academy of Multimedia University. Analyzing current course registration system, by interviewing the stakeholder of the system. To propose an online course registration and management system. To identify the user requirement for online course registration and management system. To develop an online course registration and management system. To evaluate the online course registration system that been develop. Project Scope The studies will develop an Online Course Registration, specifically for the Microsoft IT Academy in Multimedia University. With this system, it will affect the stakeholder of the Microsoft IT Academy Multimedia University Melaka Campus such as: Administrator /Instructor The Administrator for the system will be divided to several privileges on how they can use the system. Administrator for example, have all the privileges such as adding instructor, adding courses, update information, adding downloadable material, registration module, etc., but Instructor only have several privileges on what they can do and not do in the Online course registration and management system. Student/User Student will get a more accessible way in order to register and booked the seat for the courses. They also can get updates from administrator keep track on the progress of the course. Significance of Project This final year project for intelligence online course registration will not only provide basic feature to the user as well as administrator, but will be also completed with these features: Online Chat Helpdesk Support System The Helpdesk Support System will allow the user to interact with the administrator in case if they have certain question to be asked regarding the course or the registration flow. Security Security of the website is one of the main concerns to be improved as the registration is moving from traditional to online based. The reason is because user will send their confidential data to the system. Some user might use the same login ID or password, and without proper security, the data might be accessed by third party, or the user session is hijacked while sending the data. The security improvement will also provide log to the administrator in case there are some abnormality in the system after some user log in. As the security improved, we are giving the user a better understanding why they should trust our system. Limitation of Project In this project there are 2 objectives to achieve which are developing online course registration and management system for the Microsoft IT Academy Multimedia University Melaka. This project will focused on how to make the registration flow as simple as possible and also automated in the flow process. However there are limitations which is not be covered in this project. Even though the registration for the user will be done online, some flow of the process will be still done manually, such as submitting the official receipt of MMU to instructor. This is because of Multimedia University policy that not allows administrator to access the student financial report. Yet the system itself will allow user to upload the proof of payment trough online registration. Structure of Report This report consists of 5 main chapters. The first chapter, Chapter 1 which is Introduction presents overview of the project, the problem statement of the study state the problem occur on the current system, the project scope, objectives of the study that explain about the project main goals that need to be achieved, and structure of the report as well as the limitations of the project. Chapter 2 which is Literature Review state explains about materials used to study for the proposed system later, literature review also briefly explain some previously system that use same the technology in registration system. Chapter 3 is Methodology; and this chapter explains about the methods and tools that will be used to develop the system. It also gives some explanations why the methods and tools are chosen in the project. Chapter 4 which is the Proposed Solution and Implementation Plan or Design, this chapter presents the plans on how the system developed as well as the design of the system. This chapter mainly consists of diagrams to describe the design of the proposed system and some little explanation about the proposed system. Chapter 5 is conclusion; this chapter will summarize the conclusion of the objective stated. Chapter Summary In this Final year project the main objective is to propose and develop an online registration and management system that will facilitate the user as well as the administrator in order to keep the flow of registration more compact and efficient. This chapter explains the scope of the project which will affect the Microsoft IT Academy in Multimedia University Melaka stakeholder. Moreover in this chapter also describes about the problem that the current system where most of the flows still done manually. Chapter 2 Literature Review Online course registration and management system has become a necessity in order to create simple and accessible way to support today system. The internet has dramatically changed the role of Internet today (Cassidy 2002:1). Internet is the tool or vehicle for many applications, as well as to maintain registration for government, companies, and many events. This is happen as result of the simplicity of internet access in many part of the world. 2.1. Online Course Registration Johnson and Manning (2010) stated that the two biggest differences between registering online and mailing in your paperwork are time and technology. It can take time when users have to fill in the form, and then submit it in some other places. Instead of taking time, technology has helped us to make the registration procedure into the next level. You can find more information about the courses you want to take and in the same time fill up the form, pay the fees, etc. The staff that receives registration information most probably will process the information in same system, so by using online course registration and management system, we can save time. 2.1.1. Online Course Registration and Management System An Online course registration and Management System is systems that maintained the registration flow for the user and provide extensive capability for the administrator to maintain the content, report, and ability to add, update, or delete the content of a system. Currently there are many applications that have the ability to manage registration online. Some of them are very simple, and more complicated that use current technology. Almost all web based programming language support the capability to make online registration, such as PHP or .NET provide many option to build intelligence course registration and management system. A good system must be able to provide sufficient information and services needed by user as well as delivering extensive report to the administrator (Anggarwal.2003:233). 2.1.2. Existing Online Course Registration and Management System Most of the Online Course Registration and Management System are mostly used in educational institution and professional courses. This is to avoid time consuming of managing numerous users and prevent error from manual method. Based on that, people tend to use Online Course Registration and Management System. There is some Online Course Registration and management System that researched and improves, such as: Wylie Course Registration The C-Registration System will replace the existing mainframe course registration system at Wylie College. The new system will interface with the existing Billing System and Course Catalog Database System as shown in the context diagram below (see Figure 2.1). The C-Registration System will consist of a client component and server component as illustrated in Figure 2.2. The server component resides on the Wylie College UNIX Server. The server component must interface with the Billing and Course Catalog Database Systems on the College DEC VAX Main Frame. This interface is supported by an existing Open SQL Interface. The client component resides on a personal computer. The College PCs will be setup with the client component installed. Any non-college PCs must download the client software from the UNIX Server via the Internet. Once the client component is installed on the PC, the user may access the C-Registration System from the PC through the College LAN or Internet. A valid ID number and password must be entered in order for access to be granted. Figure 2.1 C-registration System Context Diagram Figure 2.2 C-Registration system overview The C-Registration system has many capabilities which will be explained the following table: Table 2.1 C-Registration capabilities Costumer benefit Supporting features Up-to-date course information The system accesses the Course Catalog Database for up-to-date information on all courses offered at Wylie College. For each course, the Students and Professors may review the course description, Prerequisites, assigned teachers, class locations, and class times. Up-to-date registration information All course registrations are immediately logged in the Registration Database to provide up-to-date information on full or cancelled courses. Easy and timely access to course grades Students can view their grades in any course simply by providing their user ID and password. Students may access the registration system from any College PC or from their home PC via the internet. Professors enter all student marks directly into the Registration Database from their PCs. Access from any College PC Students may access the registration system from any College PC or from their home PC via the internet. Installation of the client component of the C- Registration System on a PC is an easy to follow process using the internet Easy and convenient access from your PC at home Students may access the registration system from any College PC or from their home PC via the internet. Secure and confidential A valid user ID and password is required to gain access to the C-Registration System. Student report card information is protected from unauthorized access. Instant feedback on full or cancelled courses All course registrations are immediately logged in the Registration Database to provide up-to-date information on full or cancelled courses. Online Course Registration System for the Faculty of Engineering in University of Peradeniya In the system developed by the University of Peradeniva, there are some necessity in online registration course that should be included in the system, such as: Authentications and Authorizations of users; Administrators should be able to decide time period for the registration (before the start of the semester) and time period for the add/drop period (at the beginning of the semester); Administrators should be able to enter required data into the system such as courses, students, advisers and examination results; Advisers are allowed to view filled registration form of each student and accept/ reject the registration; Students should be able to view current courses and previous results, to register or add/drop new semester courses; Users should be able to change their passwords and personal information; and In the absence of a relevant adviser, the head of the department should be able to accept the online registration forms. All users have their own usernames and passwords to access the system and they have the ability to change their passwords. They will be given separate entry levels to access the system. Figure 2.2 depicts the use-case diagram of the system. Administrators are the staff officer at the Office who is responsible for course registration. They have the authority on deciding time durations, entering required details and finalizing registrations. Figure 2.3 use case of the online Registration in University peradeniya Advisors are all the department heads and lecturers who are assigned as advisers for students. They are capable of viewing courses, student details and results and accepting or rejecting registration forms. Student category contains everyone who has registered for a degree programme in the faculty. They are allowed to view available courses, their details and results, and to complete their registration forms and add/drop forms. The system that being used will be detailed explained in the table below: Table 2.2 system used in Online Course Registration of university peradinya Technology Usage Dream Weaver GUI Design CSS Additional Features in GUI Design ASP.net Programming Design Ajax Client Script Development SQL Server 2000 Database Design IIS Web Server to host the system Crystal Report 9.0 Generate reports. As the system works, it has not only reduced the burden of all parties involved in the course registration process, but also improved the process by reducing errors. Secure Online Application The real test of a secure Web Application occurs when it comes time for users to log in and access your site (Burnett,Mark.2004). Login screen is look simple. User just provide the username and password, the system will authenticate it to access the system. Authentication establishes a users identity. Once this identity is proved valid, the user is authorized (or nor authorized) to access various features of the Web application. 2.2.1 User authentication Threats The primary threats with user authentication are: Account hijacking This involves taking over the account of a legitimate user, sometimes denying the rightful user access to his or her account. Man-in-the-middle Intercepting Web traffic in such a way that the attacker is able to read and modify data in transit between two systems. Phishing A type of man-in-the-middle attack in which the attacker lures a legitimate user to enter a password through a fake e-mail or Web form designed to look like that of a legitimate Web site. Unauthorized access Gaining access to restricted content or data without the consent of the content owner. Information leakage Revealing or failing to protect information that an attacker can use to compromise a system. Privilege escalation Allowing an attacker to gain the access privileges of a higher-level account. Sniffing Using a network-monitoring utility to intercept passwords or other sensitive information that traverses a network. Because the login form plays such an important role in authenticating users, it is important to protect the form itself from flaws. A poorly written login form is vulnerable to password sniffing, information leakage, and phishing. Furthermore, the form itself may be vulnerable to flaws such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. 2.2.2. Secure Authentication In ASP.NET the IIS provides four standard methods for authentication: Basic authentication Digest authentication Integrated Windows authentication Client certificate mapping Basic Authentication Basic authentication works by prompting a Web site visitor for a username and password. This method is widely used because most browsers and Web servers support it. The benefits are: It works through proxy servers. It is compatible with nearly every Internet browser. It allows users to access resources that are not located on the IIS server. Basic authentication also has some drawbacks: Information is sent over the network as cleartext. The information is encoded with base64 encoding, but it is sent in an unencrypted format. Any password sent using basic authentication can easily be decoded. By default, users must have the Log On Locally right to use basic authentication. Basic authentication is vulnerable to replay attacks. Because basic authentication does not encrypt user credentials, it is important that traffic always be sent over an encrypted SSL session. A user authenticating with basic authentication must provide a valid username and password. The user account can be a local account or a domain account. By default, the IIS server will look locally or in Active Directory for the user account. If the user account is in a domain other than the local domain, the user must specify the domain name during logon. The syntax for this process is domain nameusername, where domain name is the name of the users domain. Basic authentication can also be configured to use user principal names (UPNs) when you use accounts stored in Active Directory. To prevent exposing user credentials to others on the network, it is essential that you always use SSL with basic authentication. Note that basic authentication causes the browser to send user credentials to every page on the same site or within the same realm, not just the login page. If you dont use SSL on every page, user credentials will be visible on the network. One way to prevent these credentials from being sent on unprotected content is to use a unique realm for protected and unprotected content. Digest Authentication Digest authentication has many similarities to basic authentication, but it overcomes some of the problems. Digest authentication does not send usernames or passwords over the network. It is more secure than basic authentication, but it requires more planning to make it work. Some of the similarities with basic authentication are: Users must have the Log On Locally right. Both methods work through firewalls. Like all authentication methods, digest authentication does have some drawbacks: Users can only access resources on the IIS server. Their credentials cant be passed to another computer. The IIS server must be a member of a domain. All user accounts must store passwords using reversible encryption. The method works only with Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher. Digest authentication is vulnerable to replay attacks, to a limited extent. Digest authentication is secure due to the way it passes authentication information over the network. Usernames and passwords are never sent. Instead, IIS uses a message digest (or hash) to verify the users credentials. In order for digest authentication to work, all user accounts must be stored using reversible encryption in Active Directory, which may be a potential risk. After this setting is enabled for a user account, the users password must be changed to create the plaintext copy. Digest authentication does provide more security, but for most Web sites, the limitations of this method outweigh the benefits. One interesting peculiarity with IIS is that when you send authentication headers to a client, it will send the basic authentication header before the digest one. Many Internet browsers use the first header they encounter and therefore opt for the weaker basic authentication. Integrated Windows Authentication Integrated Windows authentication is also a secure solution because usernames and passwords arent transmitted across the network. This method is convenient because, if a user is already logged on to the domain and if the user has the correct permissions for the site, the user isnt prompted for his or her username and password. Instead, IIS attempts to use the users cached credentials for authentication. The cached credentials are hashed and sent to the IIS server for authentication. If the cached credentials do not have the correct permissions, the user is prompted to enter a different username and password. Depending on the client and server configuration, integrated Windows authentication uses either the Windows NT LAN Manager (NTLM) or Kerberos for authentication. You cannot directly choose which one is used; IIS will automatically choose a method based on the server and client configuration. The Web browser and the IIS server negotiate which one to use through the negotiate authentication header. Both Kerberos and NTLM have their own advantages and disadvantages. Kerberos is faster and more secure than NTLM. Unlike NTLM, which authenticates only the client, Kerberos authenticates both the client and the server. This helps prevent spoofing. Kerberos also allows users to access remote network resources not located on the IIS server. NTLM restricts users to the information located on the IIS server only. Kerberos is the preferred authentication method for an intranet Web server. However, the following requirements must be met for Kerberos to be used instead of NTLM: Both the client and server must be running Windows 2000 or later. The client must be using Internet Explorer 5 or later. The client and server must be in either the same domain as the IIS server or in a trusted domain. Integrated Windows authentication has a few limitations: It works only with Internet Explorer 3.01 or later. It does not work through a firewall. The client will use the firewalls IP address in the Integrated Windows hash, which will cause the authentication request to fail. Client Certificate Mapping Client certificate mapping is the process of mapping a certificate to a user account. Certificates can be mapped by Active Directory or by IIS. Both of these methods require Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). There are three types of certificate mappings: One-to-one mapping Many-to-one mapping UPN mapping Certificate mapping is the process of linking a certificate to a specific user account. Normally, if we wanted to give a user authenticated access to the intranet; we would either create a user account or allow the user to log in using his domain account. Creating duplicate accounts is time-consuming, yet if users use their domain accounts, there is the concern that their domain passwords could become compromised. To provide better security and reduce the administrative workload, we could choose to issue each user a certificate. Certificates can be used to verify a users integrity. It is actually more efficient to use a certificate than a user account because certificates can be examined without having to connect to a database. It is generally safer to distribute certificates than user accounts. Furthermore, it is much easier to guess or crack someones password than it is to forge a certificate. Chapter Summary This chapter discusses the material research as well as basic understanding of the online course registration and management system. The material provided is to help and understand the project, and how the system can improves the registration and management system. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1. System Methodology It is important to understand that an information system has a life cycle, just as living system or a new product has. System analysis and design constitute the key stage of system development life cycle (ISRD Group, 2007). System Development Life Cycle has several phases which are planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Figure 3.1 System Development Life Cycle 3.1.1. Planning Planning is the first phase in the System Development Life Cycle, in this phase the necessity of the system has to be identified (Hoffer, et al., 2005). The objective, scope and the main reason to develop the system has been explained in previous chapter. 3.1.2. Analysis The second phase is the analysis phase, which during this phase an analysis on the system requirement is being held (Hoffer, et al., 2005). The output of this phase is a description of the recommended solution by determining the problems and requirements. In this phase information regarding of the project is gathered, the information gathered then can be studied to help the understanding about the project. In this project analysis phase determine what method used to build the system later on. In this phase, we interview the stakeholder of Microsoft IT Academy Multimedia University (see appendix for detail) In analysis phase, we determine: Detailed evaluation of current system Data Collection User Requirement 3.1.2.1 Current System Evaluation Figure 3.2 System flow of the system Figure 3.2 show the current system flow of the MSITA. The flow show that some part still done manually, such as filling form and registration (student have to download form from website, pay the course fees to MMU finance, and submit the official receipt to the instructor). The website that being used now is using ASP.NET as programming language, but there is no online registration capabilities. The website is used for content management system only. All the registrant will be input manually by the instructor. 3.1.2.2. Data Collection To ensure that we understand the flow of the current system, we need to identify the stakeholder of the system, such as: Table 3.1 Stakeholder No Stakeholder Name Stakeholder type Roles 1 Instructor Instructor of Courses Provide Course material, provide place/lab for the course exercises , manage registration for user 2 MMU Finance division Registration Payment Submission Receive Payment from Costumer, Issue Official Receipt for registration 3 Student User/Costumer Register for the course, submit receipt for registration, participate in course as scheduled, take certification exam From the stakeholder above, we already identify that the most influence entity are the User and Instructor of the course. We will then identify the problem on the current website. Function of Microsoft IT Academy Website As main website for student for : Check latest/available course offered by MSITA team. Check schedule for the course Check registration procedure (Download Registration Form) Download notes/material for the course (only for registered user) Technical Detail of Microsoft IT Academy Website Technology Used : ASP.NET Other Items considered Course material is given trough the class Registration of the course still done manually (student have to download form from website, pay the course fees to MMU finance, and submit the official receipt to the instructor). The reason why the registration still done manually : Sometimes there are changes in registration procedure (e.g. minimum requirement for the number of the student to open the courses, some courses is added/removed). Need the proof of payment to confirm student registration. Figure 3.3 MSITA website details 3.1.2.3 User Requirement As the main concern of the development in MSITA website, we need to make the registration process and also maintenance of the website online; these are the requirement of the proposed solution: Table 3.2 User requirement User Side Administrator Side User can register in the MSITA website as website member as option before they register to the course Administrator panel Student registered as website member need to fill course to take in future/next trimester in order to keep track the estimated number of course offered. Add/Remove course Student can fill the registration form trough MSITA website. Automatic Email to all student registered Student can upload scanned proof of payment trough registration form Registration module for administrator Student can fill option to take exam after course registration in order to get exam voucher Financial Report of the year 3.1.3 Design Design Phase required us to determine the logical and physical design of the system. We need to determine the system features and all other necessary requirement for the system. Later on in the next phase of the project we will transform the logical design into fully working system. 3.1.4 Implementation The fourth phase is implementation. In this phase the physical design of the system will be programmed into a working system (Hoffer, et al., 2005). In implementation coding, testing, and installation will be included. In coding, the system will be programmed to a working system. After it programmed the system will be tested to find errors and bugs in the system. Lastly, during installation the system will be installed and ready to use. In the phase 1 of the project implementation of the system is not going to be built. The implementation phase will be held during the second phase of the p

Trust Inference Model Proposal

Trust Inference Model Proposal (step1-13 in Alg. 4) in the continu-ous case. For advogato data set, we directly report the results on all the six snapshots (i.e., advogato-1, . . . , advogato-6). For PGP, we use its subsets to study the scalability. The result is shown in Fig. 6, which is consistent with the complex-ity analysis in Section 4.3. As we can see from the figure, MATRI scales linearly wrt to both n and |K|, indicating that it is suitable for large-scale applications. The scalability result for the binary case is similar, and we omit the figures for brevity. (b) (c) (d) Fig. 3. Scalability of the proposed MATRI for continuous case. MATRI scales linearly wrt the data size (n and |K|). (a) Wall-clock time vs. n on advogato. (b) Wall-clock time vs. |K| on advogato. (c) Wall-clock time vs. n on PGP. (d) Wall-clock time vs. |K| on PGP. Fig. 4. Comparisons of alternative solutions of MATRI. Compared to MATRI-AA, MATRI-SS and MATRI-AS are more than 10x faster while preserving more than 90% accuracy on both data sets. (a) advogato data set. (b) PGP data set. (C) Comparisons of the Alternatives of MATRI. As men-tioned before, the stochastic gradient descent method (SGD) could also be used for the continuous trust inference prob-lem in computing propagation vector and solving Eq. (5). We now experimentally evaluate the efficiency of all the four alternatives of MATRI. We use MATRI-AA to denote the original MATRI, MATRI-SA to denote the case when we use SGD in the propagation step, MATRI-AS. VI RELATED WORK In this section, we briefly review related work, includ-ing trust propagation models, multi-aspect trust inference models, etc. Trust Propagation Models. To date, a large body of trust inference models are based on trust propagation where trust is propagated along connected users in the trust net-work, i.e., the web of locally-generated trust ratings. Based on the interpretation of trust propagation, we further cate-gorize these models into two classes: path interpretation and component interpretation.The proposed MATRI integrates the trust propagation with two other important properties, i.e., the multi-aspect of trust and trust bias. In addition, our multi-aspect model offers a natural way to speed up on-line query response; as well as to mitigate the sparsity or coverage problem in trust inference where some trustor and trustee might not be connected with each other both are known limitations with the current trust propagation models [10]. Multi-Aspect Trust Inference Models. Social scientists have explored the multi-aspect property of trust for several years [8]. In computer science, there also exist a few trust inference models that explicitly explores the trust propagation. Trust Bias in Trust Inference. In sociology, it was dis-covered a long time ago that trust bias is an integral part in the final trust decision [9]. Nonetheless, this important aspect has been largely ignored in most of the existing trust inference models. One exception is from Nguyen et al. [13], which learns the importance of several trust bias related features derived from a social trust framework. Recently, Mishra et al. [25] propose an iterative algorithm to compute trust bias. Different from these existing works, our focus is to incorporate various types of trust bias as specified factors/aspects to increase the accuracy of trust inference. VII CONCLUSION In this paper, we have proposed a trust inference model, as well as a family of algorithms to apply the model to both continuous and binary inference scenarios. The basic idea of the proposed MATRI is to leverage the multi-aspect property of trust by characterizing several aspects/factors for each trustor and trustee based on the existing trust relationships. In addition, MATRI incorporates the trust propagation and trust bias; and further learns their rela-tive weights. 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Kleinberg, â€Å"Predicting posi-tive and negative links in online social networks,† in Proc. 19th Int. Conf. WWW, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2010, pp. 641–650. Y. Wang and M. P. Singh, â€Å"Trust representation and aggregation in a distributed agent system,† in Proc. 21st Nat. Conf. AAAI, 2006, pp.1425–1430. Y. Wang and M. P. Singh, â€Å"Formal trust model for multiagent systems,† in Proc. 20th IJCAI, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2007, pp.1551–1556. C. Hsieh, K. Chiang, and I. Dhillon, â€Å"Low rank modeling of signed networks,† in Proc. 18th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. KDD, Beijing, China, 2012, pp. 507–515. K.-Y. Chiang, N. Natarajan, A. Tewari, and I. S. Dhillon, â€Å"Exploiting longer cycles for link prediction in signed net-works,† in Proc. 20th ACM CIKM, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K., 2011, pp.1157–1162.

The Woman In White :: Free Essays Online

Wilkie Collins, throughout his life, was haunted by what one may call a second self. As a young man he confided to Percy Fitzgerald ‘how he was subject to a curious ghostly influence, having often the idea that â€Å"someone was standing behind him† and that he was tempted to look round constantly’. This second self Collins spoke of alludes to the double identity he maintained and explored in his life as well as in his work. William Wilkie Collins was born January 8, 1824 to William John and Harriet Collins. Though it is supposed that his birth may have been a difficult one, as he was marked by a permanent deformation on his head, he enjoyed a rather happy childhood, his parents being blissfully in love and financially comfortable. Having traveled extensively around England and other countries in Europe, the family finally returned to London and Collins attended a private boarding school. Subsequent to leaving the school his is apprenticed to Edmund Antrobus, a tea merchant, it is during his apprenticeship that he publishes his first work of fiction, The Last Stage Coachman. In May of 1846 Collins enters Lincoln Inn to study law, although he never exercised a career of the practice, he was able to use his acquired knowledge in writing his later novels. Two years later, the death of his father prompts Collins to write his first book, Memoirs of the Life of William Collins, Esq., Ra,. Not long thereafter Collins becomes acquainted with Charles Dickens who would become a close friend and professional contemporary. In January 1859 Wilkie Collins meets Caroline Graves, and although Collins becomes associated with Martha Rudd and fathers three illegitimate children with her, his relationship with Caroline Graves is said to inspired Collins to write The Woman in White. The Woman in White is a story of double identity. The innocent and frail character Laura Fairley is eerily doubled with the distraught and disturbed Anne Catherick. After Laura enters into marriage with Sir Percival Glyde , he in order to extort her inheritance, has Anne Catherick removed, under which circumstances she suspiciously dies, and Laura Fairley is remanded to the asylum in which Anne Catherick was once confined. Caroline Graves had concocted many identities of her own in which she used to disguise her poor and rather ambiguous past.

Galileo Gallilei :: essays research papers

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. Galileo was the first of seven children of Vincenzio Galilei, a trader and Giula Ammannati, an upper-class woman who married below her class. When Galileo was a young boy, his father moved the family moved to Florence. Galileo moved into a nearby monastery with the intentions of becoming a monk, but he left the monastery when he was 15 because his father disapproved of his son becoming a monk. In November of 1581, Vincenzio Galilei had Galileo enrolled in the University of Pisa School of Medicine because he wanted his son to become a doctor to carry on the family fortune. Vincenzio thought that Galileo should be able to provide for the family when he died, and his sister would need a dowry soon. Galileo had other plans, and in early 1583 he began spending his time with the mathematics professors instead of the medical ones. When his father learned of this, he was furious and traveled 60 miles from Florence to Pisa just to confront his son with the knowledge that he had been "neglecting his studies." The grand duke’s mathematician intervened and persuaded Vincenzio to allow Galileo to study mathematics on the condition that after one year, all of Galileo’s support would be cut off and he was on his own. In the spring of 1585, Galileo skipped his final exams and left the university without a degree. He began finding work as a math tutor. In November of 1589, Galileo found a position as a professor of mathematics at the university of Pisa, the same one he had left without a degree four years before. Galileo was a brilliant teacher, but his radical ways of thinking and open criticism of Aristotle’s teachings were not acceptable to the other professors at the university. They felt that he was too radical and that his teachings were not suitable. In 1592, his three-year contract was not renewed. 1n 1592, he landed a job teaching mathematics at the University of Padua with the help of some aristocratic friends. After his father’s death, Galileo supported many relatives (including his brother Michelangelo and his family) and the sum of money he earned as a professor was not nearly enough. He began to tutor on the side to make extra money, including Prince Cosimo, the son of Grand Duchess Christine of Tuscany, which helped Galileo with some of his financial problems.

Miseducation of Filipino Essay

Prof. Renato Constantino, in his essay entitled â€Å"The Miseducation of the Filipino†, writes about the coming about of the miseducation and the consequences of such action in the lives of the Filipinos, then, now, and perhaps the future. Promoting and imposing the â€Å"unFilipino† identity in Filipinos was the miseducation that Americans pursued during the time when they â€Å"posed† as a benevolent ally to the Philippines, and they proved victorious indeed because they had completely subjugated the Filipinos, both in minds and in hearts. Education is a very vital factor for one’s development. And as we all know, through education, one’s mind is molded because of the teachings, ideas, and values taught to him. Due to this fact, it’s only either of the two that will happen: the person will become productive provided that he was taught with the right things, or, the person will become otherwise since he acquired negative things. Personally, I learned and realized many things about the history and relationship between the Americans and the Filipinos upon reading this paper. It is quite intriguing what the main reasons really were the Americans in taking power over the Philippines. Was it for the good of the Filipinos or the Americans’ good? Whatever it was, they succeeded in almost every aspect of conquering the land because they knew the most effective way to subjugate Filipinos minds: by controlling our education. They created a new generation of good colonials, the â€Å"unFilipino† Filipinos. The indigenous ways of life of Filipinos had been changed to the American way of life. That was ridiculous because certainly, America and Philippines vastly differed from each other in so many ways, and therefore, their ways of life based on their differing needs should be entirely different. But the Americans insisted on creating a â€Å"carbon-copy† of themselves in Filipinos through the imposition of their language in their education. I went to elementary and high school in the Philippines, and I know for a fact they used both English  and Tagalog as the media of teaching. In the long run, I think this resulted in both positive and negative ways — positively, because I was uprooted to the U.S. and I was able to use the â€Å"smattering† English I know to communicate with others, and negatively, because as I have just realized, I feel the â€Å"impediment† in my thought process because I cannot think consistently in one language. All in all, I liked this piece because it reiterates the importance of education to not only produce literate people but also to produce people who would use that education to better their nation.

Anger Management

It can stem from feelings of frustration, hurt, annoyance or even disappointment. Sometimes displeasure, hostility or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm. It is a complex emotion and when released improperly, it can have devastating effects on the party on the receiving end regardless if the party is a mere object, or person. Once someone is placed on that end, it is not unusual that they may want to escape the violent encounter. Not everyone is a natural born fighter. And then there are others†¦ The ones who become defensive. More often than not, these people stop listening or counter attack. Whether you run away or choose to fight, none of these results in any type of resolution whatsoever and most of the time sows more bad feelings that creep up behind us later on in life. Anger is a very natural emotion that is experienced by all people. Everyone with proper discipline could put anger in its place. Anger isn’t a bad thing. It becomes bad when released in a poor fashion. Today, I will be discussing anger. -Specifically, techniques that enhance interpersonal communication and in turn, possibly reducing and managing poorly expressed anger. Now let’s define what is meant by â€Å"anger management†. The term anger management commonly refers to a system of psychological therapeutic techniques and exercises by which someone with excessive or uncontrollable anger can reduce the triggers, degrees, and effects in an angered emotional state. In the paragraphs to follow I will discuss what communication authors, scholars and experts had to say about anger management, including my findings and conclusions drawn from experiments and observations I have conducted and have noted utilizing these techniques. Rationale: Admittedly, I wasn’t going to do my research paper on anger. I had to contemplate. I thought is this something that I have trouble dealing with at times as do the people that are around me. Every time I asked it, in any manner, the answer always remained the same. Why not? So it reeled me in like a fish on a hook. Through my experiments and research paper I hoped to encounter everyday methods to help me release my anger in a constructive way, as I do tend to bottle up feelings inside and then â€Å"blow my top†. I am grateful that I don’t have what is described as an anger â€Å"problem† by any means –as it isn’t frequent- but I do release it improperly at times. Sometimes being referred to as a child since children hold their feelings in and then make the world pay after, I would like to correct that. Furthermore, I had previous knowledge that a lot of research has been done on anger management and I was curious to see what was to be said on this topic since we all deal with angry people every day. Not only do I want to help myself, but I would rather like to help those that I know are less fortunate than I and spread the word to them so their lives could be a little less hectic then what it is. Research: When researching about this topic, I came across the following information by Henry Kellerman. He posted an article stating the following information: Anger all on its own is said to have its own personality. According to Henry Kellerman’s, Ph. D, Anger is the Key, he depicts anger as having, â€Å"six key characteristics. Those characteristics are described as the following: Anger is inborn so it has an aggressive drive. It makes itself expansive; wanting to get bigger and bigger. It wants to burst forth so it has explosive potential. Anger also constantly wants to attack. It has an entitled frame of mind feeling that it has the right to get tough. And lastly, it also sees itself as an empowerment so it eliminates feelings of helplessness. If one could keep in mind th e six main things that anger manifests itself by, then you could begin to learn to how to begin to work with you emotions. Meaning, we change how we see things. More so our perception. When we are angry or upset, we tend to view another’s behavior as, â€Å"controllable, characterological, and permanent. † Saying how you feel, why and what you want and calming down are all ways to prevent unwanted anger. Sometimes we may not be able to control the situations that we’re placed in so we look for ways to change the reaction even when changing the situation may not be possible. Let’s face it. We get angry and sometimes there is nothing we could really do. One way we can learn to lessen anger is by lessening the emotional impact so you would know how to express your anger in a manner that can promote resolution for the situation that triggered the anger in the first place. In my research I have found that anger is an expression of another emotion that lies underneath. In many situations, anger can be linked to intent to preserve personal worth to preserve essential needs, or to preserve basic convictions. Identifying these unmet needs is one of the goals of anger management counseling. Once these needs are identified, you may need to determine how to address those situations and relationships that may lack boundaries, or healthy structure. In the article Anger Management, by Harry Mills, he states that, â€Å"People tend to go through a predictable set of several stages while working through life-changes. Progress through the stages is largely due to a combination of motivation, technique and dedication. Some people move quickly through the stages, while others move more slowly, perhaps even taking a step or two backward before continuing on to complete their change. Since we want to enhance our communication skills, we need to first be able to learn effective anger management techniques which in turn would allow us to recognize the situations that make us angry so that we may be able to change. The four steps he says that can bring you better interpersonal skills are, awareness, preparation, action and maintaining gains. In awareness, the angry person seeks infor mation about anger management; what anger is, how anger affects health and relationships, and how anger can be controlled. In preparation, you make a decision to actually make a change in the way you will express anger. In the Action stage you start making real changes and perform the way you prepared to do. And finally, in the management stage you learn to accept the fact that you are not perfect, that you will make mistakes and act inappropriately and that you can recover from lapses in your behavior when they do occur. Achieving sustained behavior change is a project. It may take multiple attempts and multiple failures before you will achieve this goal. Each time you do lapse into old behavior, you can use the tools and strategies you have learned along the way to help you pick yourself up and recover. Anger Management Anger is an emotion we have all displayed every once in a while. However, when the anger gets out of control it is time to seek therapy. Here are some suggestions on how to handle anger management problems and how cognitive therapy may help. Controlling oneis anger is something we all have to deal with at some point. Yes, we tend to get angry with our spouse, the kids, co-workers and bosses. Or we vent our anger in situations involving motorists, or simply when someone pushes the wrong buttons. Anger management control via cognitive therapy is one way in which we can understand where the anger is coming from and how to effectively deal with any given situation in an appropriate and non-combative manner. In cognitive therapy sessions, certain techniques are utilized. These include relaxation methods and visualization techniques which allow the person to use certain images or words to relax when the anger inside rears its ugly head. For example, road rage has become quite prevalent in our society. One of the methods used in anger management is to have the person visualize an instance wherein they become angry at another motorist, and then use the relaxation methods to rid themselves of that anger. In cognitive therapy, psychologists offer different ways for patients to react to the anger. For example, they may ask the patient to look at a situation in a more appropriate and positive manner instead of flying off the handle in a negative way. There are several ways in which psychologists may use these techniques. The first is assisting their patients to become more aware of their anger. Secondly, they may show the patients how to avoid situations in which they can become angry. Thirdly, teaching patients how to recognize what exactly causes the anger. And finally, offering a plan that the patients can utilize to change the way they react to others and avoid situations that trigger the anger to begin with. The one thing that is emphasized by psychologists is that for any treatment to be effective, it should not entail a person ranting and raving about all of the things that make him or her angry. Instead, focusing on the cues that trigger the anger and utilizing relaxation techniques has been viewed as widely effective. While research is still ongoing to determine the underlying cause of anger, cognitive therapy is one method that is effective in controlling and monitoring such behavior. We all get angry, but it is how we deal with the anger that separates those who need anger management from those who do not. How many of you are guilty of yelling at your kids? If you are a yeller, these easy strategies to stop yelling at your kids may provide you with the help you need to change your yelling habits. For anyone who does yell at their kids, you know it’s a hard habit to break. You may be so used to yelling that you don’t even realize you’re doing it. Remember your children will learn more by example than what is told or explained to them. So if you yell a lot, your children are more likely to follow suit. Once you’ve broken that cycle of yelling, you’ll find life as a family is much calmer. Are your children loud? You may have started yelling out of necessity so you would be heard. However, in many cases, yelling is done to release frustrations. No matter the reason for it, many parents who yell are embarrassed and wish things could change. Plan ahead. You know your children are going to frustrate you at some point, so plan ahead how you will handle it. Pay attention to the warning signs such as clenching your teeth or fists, a slight raise to your voice or possibly shaking. * Ask for help. Allow them to give you a signal if your voice begins getting louder. This could be a ‘catch phrase’ which someone not in-the-kn ow won’t understand but you will recognize it as a clue to control yourself. * Develop coping mechanisms. Walk out of the room, take a deep breath or count to ten. Find a coping mechanism that works for you and continue using it when you realize you’re about to yell. Some people snap a rubber band which is around their wrist. * Think about your child’s temper tantrums. Why do they have a meltdown? They’re tired, hungry or frustrated. Are you experiencing the same things? * Pay attention to the times you’re more liable to yell. Perhaps you yell when you’re more stressed than usual. Once you understand when you yell, you’ll be better able to avoid those situations. * Find new ways to get your children’s attention. Don’t yell if your children aren’t paying attention to you. Use a whistle, stand on a chair or try anything out of the ordinary. * If all else fails, seek professional help. Some people have a hard time breaking habits and yelling is one of them. Speak to someone who can hold you accountable or a professional who deals with anger management. They may be able to provide you with the help you need. There are many reasons to stop yelling. It could affect your children’s self-esteem and it causes your blood pressure to rise. Using these easy strategies to stop yelling at your kids, you can change the dynamics of your home from stressful to peaceful. Give it a try and see if these methods work for you. One type of free anger management activity is relaxation, where the individual learns different techniques to help him to relax and calm down before saying or doing anything rash. Deep breathing is one technique individuals can use where they concentrate on breathing deeply in through the nose and out through the mouth, taking a minute to calm down. This breathing should be done through the diaphragm, which means the air should be pulled down toward the gut rather than just through the chest. While breathing, the individual can say a calming word or phrase to himself such as â€Å"calm down† and can picture a soothing scene or person in his mind. Exercise is another free anger management activity that individuals can use to calm down. This does not mean that an individual has to go to a sports gym, but can merely take a time out where he or she walks down the hallway or around the building a coupe of times to get some fresh air, expend some energy, breathe and work to calm down. Another free anger management activity is to work on changing the way a person thinks when he becomes irritated. This includes changing inner thoughts to more constructive patterns such as reminding himself that getting angry does not help or change anything about a situation, only finding a solution or resolution to the situation is helpful. Using a journal or notebook during this phase or reconditioning in free anger management activities can be helpful since some individuals process their thoughts better when written out on paper where they can review them to see which ones are rational and which ones might need to be re-evaluated. In addition to these free anger management activities, it is also wise to plan some fun time into every day so that the individual has time to unwind and let loose of all the burdens that he has been carrying over the course of the day. Many angry people are really at the root stressed out, feeling like they cannot carry any more burdens on their shoulders so that the least irritations seem huge and lead them to anger. Reducing stress also reduces anger in these people and building in personal time can help with this.

Constrctivism Learning and Teaching Model Essay

The constructivism model in the classroom is a theory created to explain how and what we know. Building knowledge and problem solving are the main focuses for this model. From the analysis of our own experiences, both past and present, we â€Å"construct† our understanding of content. From doing things and reflecting upon them, we acquire information that can be useful in future applications. (Lamon, M. 2003). The model was conceived by Jean Piaget (1896-1980), who believed that human beings developed intelligence through adaptation and organization. One example is that of transformative learning, whereby children develop an understanding of something using whatever details they have at the time, and then adjust that understanding as they go along, rather than putting the details together piecemeal to come to a conclusion. Piaget is considered the originator of constructivism. However there are a number of different theories that have been applied to modify his original model. For instance, Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), developed a relevant contribution to constructivism with his ideas about language, thought, and how they work within the societal picture. For example, he believed that children learn better in environments where there is guided interaction versus those where they work independently. (Lamon, M. 2003). The 5E model: engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and evaluation, was a model developed from the ideas of Piaget, John Dewey, and Johann Herbart. This model was designed to encourage knowledge construction and begins with prompting the current understanding of a subject matter. Engagement is used to recall prior knowledge. Students who are learning new subjects and content have their interest piqued through engaging in brief activities. Some of these activities include asking specific questions, brainstorming, and providing a scenario to see what the students know already. Exploration uses activities with a common base to identify current concepts and then help change those concepts. To achieve this, the teacher should start a discussion or demonstrate an activity that poses a challenge to the student’s understanding, and then delve into any misconceptions behind the challenges. Explanation is used to provide opportunities for students to develop skills, knowledge, or behavior, by presenting them with information that they would be unlikely to discover on their own. This helps the students develop their own expertise, with assistance. Elaboration is used for the students to apply new experiences and to broaden the understanding and application of the skill set being taught. Evaluation is used by students to identify where they are at in understanding of a new knowledge set. Teachers also use evaluation to measure if the progress is being made toward the general instruction goal. This gives the teacher a chance to modify a unit or lesson for future applications. Jorback, B. (n. d. ) A modified version of the 5E model was developed for science curriculum in the 1980s by Rodger Bybee. Bybee used constructivism as his base when he developed this version. He only changed the last two aspects of the original 5E model. He switched evaluation’s order and used it as the fourth E. Evaluation is used for the assessment, both formative and summative. With formative assessments, the teacher can measure if the students are learning by providing quizzes, observations, or question and answer discussions after a lesson or while it is being taught. A summative assessment can be delivered at the end of the unit. This provides the teacher with an idea of what the students have retained throughout the unit and then they can adjust for successive lessons. Extension is similar to the elaboration phase, in that it utilizes the premise that learning will occur when instruction is orderly and increases with intricacy as the unit moves forward. Connections made with the new knowledge can be used for new experiences, by extending the knowledge even further into applications that could not have been achieved before the lesson or unit was taught. Take Chemistry for example. One could not do chemical equation balancing without the prior knowledge of atomic structures and understanding the key components of what they mean. Jorback, B. (n. . ) Some potential challenges that can arise from the constructivism model if the teacher is not well versed in the knowledge of the subject and its content. This model would also be challenging for those who possess problem solving skills, yet lack in basic knowledge of real world knowledge. Constructivism is a knowledge based model where we learn new concepts through prior experience. The instructor must be able to predict preconceptions the students may have and decide on appropriate activities, in addition to effectively modifying and assessing the content being taught. Jorback, B. (n. d. ) In conclusion, many current theories have been applied to constructivism to adapt it to the modern day classroom. However, the theories all share the belief that a prior knowledge base is required. That prior knowledge does not have to be on the subject that is being taught. One must be able to apply prior knowledge in order to make connections for new knowledge. Applying this and evaluating it gives both the students and teachers a measurement of what has been learned and still needs to be learned.