Acceptable Use Policy Essay

An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is an organization-wide policy that defines what is allowed and what is not allowed regarding use of Information Technology (IT) assets by employees. The following policy is to be followed by all employees of Richman Investments, authorized individuals, vendors, and contractors who use any information technology (IT), electronic, or communication devices owned and/or provided by Richman Investments for the purpose of assisting them with their job-related duties. Access to the Internet is a privilege and all employees must adhere to the policies regarding computer, email, and Internet usage. Violation of these policies will result in disciplinary and/or legal action that may include counseling, revocation of company devices, termination of the employee, and legal action. II. Roles and Responsibilities Every employee must acknowledge that they have received a copy of the AUP and confirm that they have a complete understanding and agree to abide by the rules set forth in the AUP. See more: Basic Economic problem of Scarcity Essay Receipt and signing of the AUP will occur at Employee Orientation, and in the event of changes to the policy, a revised AUP must be signed. III. Policy Directives A. Acceptable Use Management Requirements A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will be established to support the development and maintenance of this AUP. Richman Investments’ management team is responsible for keeping the AUP up to current standards and ensuring that new and current employees are kept abreast of major changes and that signatures are obtained from each employee following these changes. At a minimum, skills that should be included include annual User Training and Awareness. A formal review cycle will be established to review all Acceptable Use initiatives. B. Ownership Any electronic files created, sent, received, or stored under the custody of Richman Investments are the property of Richman Investments and use of these files by employees is neither personal nor private. Richman Investments management has the right to monitor and/or log all employee use with or without prior notice. C. Acceptable Use Requirements All users must report any incidents of possible misuse or violation of this AUP. Users must not attempt to access any documents, data, email, or programs in which they are not authorized to do so. Users must report any weaknesses in computer security to the management and/or the appropriate security staff. Users must not share their account passwords, PINs, or Smartcards used for identification and authorization purposes. Users must not make any copies of copyrighted materials or Richman Investments-owned software. Users must not engage in activity that Richman Investments may consider to be indecent, obscene, offensive, or that is illegal according to any law. Users must not download, install or run security programs or utilities such as scanners or password cracking programs that exploit weaknesses in the security of Richman Investments’ computers systems. Access to the Internet from company-owned, home-based computers must follow all rules and regulations outlined for in-house computer resources. Any security issues will be reported to and followed up on by management for further investigation. D. Incidental Use Incidental use of email, Internet access, FAX machines, printers, and copiers is restricted to approved users only and does not include family members. These must not result in direct costs to Richman Investments or cause legal action to be taken. Incidental use must not interfere with the normal performance of any employee’s work duties. Storage of voice messages, email messages, files and documents must be limited. IV. Enforcement, Auditing, Reporting Richman Investments management is responsible for the periodic auditing and reporting of compliance with this policy. Violation of this policy may results in disciplinary action that may include counseling and/or termination, depending upon the seriousness of the infraction. Any employee may anonymously report policy violations via Richman Investments’ Intranet or by telephone at 303-303-3030. IV. References A. Richman Investment POLICY: Information Security. 2013. P 1-6. B. Information Technology Acceptable Use Policies and Procedures. 2013. P 1-8. C. Internet Usage Policy. 2013. P 1-2.

Marketing Channels

Running head: DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Distribution Channels and Their Impact on Marketing Strategies Name: Institution: DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Abstract This paper discusses the importance of choosing appropriate channel members and also identifies and discusses criteria that should be used by the car compact disc player manufacturer when evaluating potential intermediaries for the firm’s distribution channel. This is important for this firm since it’s only through these marketing channels that their product is going to reach the consumer. The customer in this case is the auto makers who are intended to buy the newly developed compact disc player to fix them in the automobiles. The method for marketing this product is therefore crucial. In our study it is specified that the manufacturer uses two distribution channels. In one case he distributes the CD player directly to the auto makers and in another case he distributes the product to electronic stores. Key words: Channel members, criteria for choice CHANNEL DISTRIBUTION Distributions Channels and Their Impact on Marketing Strategies Distribution channels are the key determinants of how any manufacturing company reaps from the products that come from their manufacturing plants. Characteristically, approximately half that price paid for merchandise by a purchaser is engrossed by activities involved in delivering that product to the consumer (Julian, 2008). Channel members are particularly important since directly affects certain factors such as customer service, product delivery and availability. Julian (2008) argues that the cost of marketing any product has increased over the past 15 years while production cost has reduced. This is because the market has segmented and media and distribution channel have multiplied. As a result, the choice of a channel member is based on value analysis, same way consumers do when they analyses products before purchasing. This paper focuses on choice of appropriate channel member and the criteria that we should use to chose the best channel member. Discussion The choice of a channel member is of paramount importance. A marketer has to determine the benefits reaped from utilizing a certain channel partner and compare this with the cost incurred for using this service. Some of benefits of choosing an appropriate channel member include cost saving in specialization. Rolnicki (1998) argues that specialist members of distribution perform the task more efficiently and at reduced cost than companies, who lack the experience in this field. Next is reduction of exchange time whereby the products reach the intended final consumer in time, since the channel member is experienced in what they do. The third benefit is customers want to convenience shop for variety. Julian (2008) stresses that customer CHANNEL DISTRIBUTION will always prefer distributor outlets that have a variety of products, in order to reduce the time they spend shopping. Therefore resellers have to purchase different products from different distributors and stock them in one centre so that the customer can access these commodities from one location. Fourthly the resellers have to sell the commodities in small quantities so that the consumer can manage the price. This is known as bulk breaking as described by Rolnicki (2004). The reseller also creates sales when there is demand for the product. Sometimes they perform active selling role using persuasive techniques (Gorchels, Chuck & Marine, 2004). They also offer financial support to consumers whereby they sell goods to them on credit, purchasing using payment arrangement, delaying launch of payments and allowing trade in or barter trade. Resellers also provide information on the product and therefore help market the product. The channel members who handle the producers’ product to the end user are most important. This is because the customers will always associate these products with the last person who sells the product to them. If the channel does not match the customer’s needs, it is likely that the manufacturer is going to lose customers and the sales volume is going to reduce (Rolnicki, 2004). Bert (1998) explains that the best channel that any manufacturer should prioritize on is one that makes the end product user happiest, so that they are always willing to buy again the same product from the same channel member. So it’s up to the manufacturer to select a marketing channel that best serves the interests of the customer. There are various criteria that are used by the manufacturers to evaluate potential intermediaries for firm’s distribution channel. Among this criteria include 1. Lot size 2. Waiting time DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL 3. Spatial convenience 4. Product variety 5. Service backup I will discuss each of the above criteria which should be used by the compact disc manufacturer to evaluate for an appropriate distribution member Lot size: – this refers to the number of units a typical customer is allowed to buy by a marketing channel in a particular buying occasion. When the lot number is small, then grater output service should be provided by the channel (Kotler, 2000). In our case above, if the compact disc player manufacturer selects a channel member that offers small number of CD players to buying customers, this means increased costs for the manufacturer, and an alternative channel member should be sought. Waiting time and delivery time:-this refers to the length of time that the customer waits, for the receipt of goods. Customers always prefer delivery channels that are fast and efficient. Fast delivery of services requires output levels of great services (Kotler, 2000). The CD player manufacturer needs to engage a channel member that provides fast services at convenient time to the customer. Spatial convenience:-This expresses the extent to which the marketing channel simplifies the purchasing of the products by the customers (kotler, 2000). Customers will always prefer to purchase the products which do not involve so many formalities and that are easy to buy (Bert, 1998). The CD manufacturer should involve a channel that meets this requirement. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Product variety:-this refers to the breath of assortment that the particular marketing channel provides. Customers always prefer a marketing channel that offers grater assortment breath because this will most likely meet their exact needs (Kotler, 2000). In regard to this the CD Player manufacturer should consider also incorporating an installation kit alongside this product so that the customer buys the whole package from one place. Service backup:-This refers to other services that are provided by the channel. Such services include installation, repairs, credit and delivery. A channel that’s provides more backup services is considered to do more work (Bert, 1998). In such a case therefore the channel is more costly. In the CD player manufacturing firm the marketing manager should understand the output services required by the target customer, provided the increased output services means increased costs for the channel and higher prices for the customers. In conclusion with review of the importance of channel distribution and criteria for evaluation of distribution channels discussed above, the company can market its compact disc in a smart way meaning that all criteria used should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Reference Bert, R. (1998). Marketing Channel. Olorando: Harcourt Brace College Publisher. Dent, J. (2008). Distribution Channels: Understanding and Managing Channels to Market. London: Kogan Page Limited. Gorchels, L. , West, C. , Marine, J. E. (2004). Managers Guide to Distribution Channels. New York: McGraw Hills Companies. Kotler, P. (2000). Selecting and Managing Marketing Channels. New York: Prentice-Hill. Rolnicki, k. (1998). Managing Channels of Distribution . New York: Amacom Division America Management. Marketing Channels SUMMARY REPORT What is marketing channel? Are sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or services available for use or consumption? They are set of pathways a product or service follows after production, culminating in purchase and use by final consumer. The importance of channels: One of the chief roles of marketing channels is to convert potential buyers into a profitable order. Marketing channels also represent a substantial opportunity cost. Different consumers however have different needs during the purchase process. Nunes and Cespedes argue in many markets, buyers fall into four category 1. Habitual shoppers- purchase from same place in the same manner over time. 2. High value deal seekers-know their needs and channel surf a great deal before buying at lowest possible price. 3. Variety-loving shoppers-gather information in many channels take advantage of high touch services and then buy in their favorite channel, regardless of price 4. High-involvement shoppers-gather information in all channels, make their purchase in a low-cost channel, but take advantage of costumer support from high touch channel. The role of marketing channels Delegations mean relinquishing some control over how and to whom the products are sold. Producers do gain several advantages by using intermediaries: 1. Many producers lack the financial resources to carry out direct marketing. 2. Producers who do establish their own channels can often earn a greater return by increasing investment in their main business. 3. In some cases direct marketing simply is not feasible. Channels functions and flows: It will be discussed one by one. Using a chart Channel levels: It will be discussed one by one. Using a chart Marketing Channels The shifting of the flow as per the example that Is given in the question will be by making he distribution of the product in the department stores or the drug stores or even from the distributors directly by selling to the customers but this will make the sale of the Independent Beauty Consultant decrease because most of her customers will have many other ways to purchase the product that they are used to buy and this will let the beauty consultant not have the ownership of the product. N the other hand all the department stores and the other stores selling the products to the customer will face a high selling as most of the customers will be shifted to them because of he new distributors that has Join the marketing flow. Many other customers will go and buy the products directly from the company as they will be selling the product directly to the customer and it will be with less price then all the other distributors because it will be a direct from the owner of the product. C.Nine customers role In all n s Tow w Titter Trot Dulling Lyreco Trot ten Death consultant or the other shops because each business is targeting their own benefits and it will be the best way for the customer to buy the product directly from the tatty consultant as they will buy only the products that they really need and the ones that suites them. The beauty consultant will be able to recommend to her customer the products that they need because of the knowledge and experience that she has gained. Her main target will be gaining the customer satisfaction to build a long term relationship with them to improve her business.But on the other hand all the other stores will focus on the percentage of selling the item because there main purpose will be increasing the percentage of sales in their business. Page 30 – Question 6 Selling and Servicing an Ultrasound Machine I I Hospital Emergency Room I Academic Medical Researcher on a tight government-funded budget using the machine for lab oratory research I Descriptor I Service Outplacement Level I Descriptor I Service Outplacement Level I Bulk-breaking I Emergency Room Needs very high qualification machines that meet all the needs.I High I The Lab needs a machine that fulfills the researchers need. I Medium I Spatial Convenience I Search for the best quality and brand machine that is offered by the companies and distributors. I Medium I Search for the lowest cost machine that is found in the market based as the government budget. I High I Waiting and Delivery Time I Emergency room cannot wait because always the machines have to be ready for any emergency that may happen anytime.I High I After getting the machine the Lab can start to continue their researches. I Low Assortment animadvert I The Emergency Room needs the best quality and brand to suit all the needs of the hospital. I High I The Lab needs a simple machine for the use of the researches only. I Low Customer Service I The distributor has to give their recom mendation for the best brand and quality that will satisfy the need of the Emergency Room.

Financial Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Aid - Essay Example The Student Guide to Financial Aid is particularly useful as it provides a search engine that navigates to specific college websites offering information about on-campus financial aid facilities. This will be particularly useful to Jack since his financial needs with respect to funding his education will most likely continue throughout his college enrolment. A scholarship is perhaps the most ideal method of obtaining financial aid for college since it does not require repayment. In this regard, given Jack’s financial background, this is preferable. According to The Smart student Guide to Financial Aid, average students like Jack who have not obtained a perfect grade point average and has no specific athletic expertise, can obtain scholarships. (The Smart student Guide to Financial Aid) Students with other traits can obtain scholarships. For instance a student may obtain a scholarship on the basis of community service. By opening the link FastWeb scholarship search, Jack can fill in his specific details and his potential to obtain a scholarship and to what extent will be calculated for him. (The Smart student Guide to Financial Aid) In any event, even if Jack qualifies for a scholarship, the scholarship itself may not be sufficient to fund his college education and he will be required to obtain additionally financial aid to supplement his scholarship. Federal funding is available under the Federal Student Aid also known as the FAFSA. (Qualifying for Financial Aid). An application is available free of charge at Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). In order to qualify, Jack will have to demonstrate that he has a â€Å"financial need.† (Qualifying for Financial Aid). Although Jack is only required to have satisfactory grades while in school, he is not eligible for FAFSA unless and until he is enrolled in a postsecondary institution. (Qualifying for Financial Aid). Armstrong

Theories on Crime Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Theories on Crime Comparison - Research Paper Example This research paper discusses crime and criminal acts that both define crucial components of our societies nowadays. The researcher states that no society exists without any form of crime today. Crimes that transpire in various societies are of different magnitudes, causes and effects on the given society. However, any form of crime is detrimental to the given society and this explains the setting up of various institutions to eradicate this act. Crimes have seen immense loss innocent lives and destruction of property as well as wastage of national resources just in the hands of a few individuals. When people in the given society run away and detach from the labeled criminal, the victim will fall into psychological depression that will direct him/ her to commit heinous acts in bid to attract public attention and recognition. This research paper also describes as how to deal with crime and presents philosophers opinions, who came up with strategic modalities of studying various types of crimes, causes and ways of solving and handling the various forms of crimes. In that light, social psychologists have compressed expansive details entailing crime into comprehensive frames called theories. The researcher then focuses on discussing of various crime theories and uses real-life examples as on how to make them evident. Examples of the crime theories in action presented in this research paper include the developmental crime theory, labeling theory, strain theory, and rational choice theory among others.

Comparison of the key management and leadership aspects of Essay - 1

Comparison of the key management and leadership aspects of organisations in the private sector, public sector and not for profit - Essay Example Several experiments on ways to improve performances of organizations in terms of synchronization and productivity were conducted, and consequently paved the way for several approaches to management. The behavioral approach to management is a turning point to organizational relations. Modifications in the way managers deal with subordinates are given emphasis. As proposed by Maxwell, successful business is not all about efficient management of resources or development of work skills in response to the growing demands of the industry. Its core foundation is good relationship and thus cultivated by trust and respect from people – customers, employees, and partners, among others (2004). Growth will be next to impossible if concentration is entirely drawn to the inanimate factors. In his work â€Å"Top Performance†, Zig Ziglar points out that â€Å"you won’t be an effective leader or manager unless you gain the willing cooperation of others. Cooperation is not gettin g others to do what you want, but getting others to want to do what you want. The aforementioned principle, however, may not apply to all forms of organizations. Although it proves beneficial that the personal needs of the members are given due consideration, there are instances in which it will do more harm than good. Military organizations, as we all know, implement procedures that are significantly distinct from those privately established. They strictly follow a hierarchy of command, and respect to authority is of utmost weight—a culture that has prevailed over the centuries. Men in the military receive the same standard privileges as other employees do—wages, leaves, medical coverage, etc. Their function, nevertheless, is not called a profession but accountability. For this reason, the proposal to incorporate behavioral approach to military organizations may not be feasible. 2.0 Behavioral Approach â€Å"The behavioral approach to management has 2 branches: the h uman relations approach and the behavioral science approach† (Bromiley 2005). In the first approach, managers understand the underlying reasons behind the behavior of their subordinates along with the â€Å"psychological and social factors that influence them† (Bromiley 2005). Advocates of this approach attempt to demonstrate how the process and functions of management are affected by differences in individual behavior and the impact of groups in the work environment. The second approach to management use motivation, leadership, communication, group dynamics, and participative management to achieve organizational goals (Clark 2009). This approach helps secure better employee performance and the willing pursuit of organizational goals. The human relations approach to management was introduced in the 1930s in response to the mechanistic view of organizations and the pessimistic position of human nature suggested by the classical approach (Cooke n.d.). The classical approa ch meant that people were perceived as machines and efficiency was the sole criteria for success (Walker 2002). On the contrary, human relations approach suggests that people are emotional rather than economic rational beings; that, organizations are cooperative social systems, and are composed of informal structures, rules, and norms as wells as formal practices and procedures (Cooke n.d.) Organizations that are designed and operated as though they were machines are now

Marketing Planning and Strategy (Organizations or Individuals) 2 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (Organizations or Individuals) 2 - Assignment Example One of the most effective tools is to get the customers involved in the marketing process through the social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn. Additionally, it is recommended that the customers’ opinions are sought during the testing or initial phase so that they feel part of the entire marketing campaign (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2010; Kotler & Keller, 2011). Both marketers and consumers are crucial elements for effectiveness of the marketing programs. Since the consumers are at the consumption end, the marketing team has to make sure that the messages are communicated via the most frequently used mediums such as social media, technological gadgets (smartphones, tablets) and Television (Akroush, 2012; Kotler & Keller, 2011). Hence, the marketers and consumers have to work like a team so that they can reap the benefits of successfully meeting the customer’s demands. At present, the latest trend in marketing is to develop a two-way strategy which will ease the message delivery and receiving procedure. The professionals have to utilise the mediums available in the market with complete and strategic analysis so that the company can survive in the ever changing market. Hennig-Thurau, T., Malthouse, E., Friege, C., Gensler, S., Lobschat, L., Rangaswamy, A., & Skiera, B. (2010). The impact of new media on customer relationships. Journal of Service Research, 13(3),

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 9

Report - Essay Example This report is about the development and analysis of a database system for a recruitment agency that is operating worldwide and specializing in short contracts for programming and website development work. This report will offer a deep analysis of the main database design and development aspects for the business of recruitment agency. According to Oz Effy (2008), the processes of decision making and problem solving both are based on information. In addition, the decision making is vital process of everyone’ life, people work, play, communicate or do anything they need and use information. In the same way, in a corporation gathering the correct information efficiently, keeping it properly consequently thus it could be utilized and manipulated when needed, as well as making use of it to facilitate the corporation or individuals to attain personal or business objectives. Consequently, the main intention of database and information systems development and implementation is to have facility and support in the above discussed areas. We can use and apply these understanding and database information for getting success in every department of a business. However, in a corporation information system consists of databases, hardware, data, telecommunications, software, procedures and people. In addition, the use of in formation systems and databases can be seen in every walk of life. Their capacity to facilitate and resolve problems as well as making decisions makes them fundamental in our lives, society, business and management (Oz, 2008; Whitten, Bentley, & Dittman, 2000; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). The recruitment agency has carried out a survey among 30,000 people and taken response against different personnel, job and web development related aspects. This data is available in form of flat file database. In other words, the

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business ethics - Essay Example The paper tells that the 21st century workplace is a dynamic one and throws new scenarios and challenges every day. There are numerous ethical problems that arise and the decision making needs to be supported by strong ethical principles for everyone involved to be benefited. There are various ethical principles ad theories that have been discussed in great detail in theory and these needs to be applied in every day decision making. Moral and ethics is not always about being right/wrong or true/false but has numerous other considerations and factors such as feelings, preferences, resolutions, demand and many more. The details of the case: the researcher has been working as housing officer with a housing department for two years. During this time the researcher has developed a close friendship with John who is a manager of a local hostel. There had been an opening in my department and John had told me that he would apply for the position. He fears that his current job is at risk as hi s organization has financial difficulties. As the current opening in the researcher’s department needed a degree qualification, the researcher had figured that John would not get the position as he did not have a degree. But the researcher found out yesterday that John has got the job and one of the main reasons for it is his claim that he has Business administration degree from a top British University. The researcher believes John has lied in his application and interview.... Employee loyalty, moral obligation/duty, obedience, honesty, legal responsibility, etc are the various ethics involved in this response. This response is in accordance to the moral theory of obligation. One of the most basic elements of the moral fabric of our society is not to lie. It is very clear that John has lied in order to get the job. This is not just a lie but also a fraud and deception. Fraud and deception of any form violate ethical custom and law (SAGE, 2011). Any responsible citizen of a society, irrespective of being an employee of the organization or not, has a moral obligation to the society to stop or act such incidents that affect the value system of the society. Such incidents if not acted upon set a bad example in the society. So even if I was not an employee of the company, it would be my responsibility to bring the issue to the notice of the concerned. As mentioned above it is the moral duty, not just in an organization but in our society, to tell the truth. Mos t ordinary rule of â€Å"ethical custom† is telling the truth (Snoeyenbos & Humber, 2001). If an employee is aware of a lie that is been told to his employer, then the rule of ethical custom imposes a moral duty on the employee to tell the truth. Knowing about the lie and not reporting would question my honesty. Even though I am not directly involved, I would still be dishonest if I don’t act on this issue. Also I owe my loyalty to my employer. As every employee expects his employer to be loyal to him and take care of his needs and necessities so do the employer. Employee loyalty is a legitimate and coherent concept. Organizations expect employees to be loyal to the organization and vice versa. Simple obligations of loyalty that come with a job are to act in such a

Communication climate supportive defensive Essay

Communication climate supportive defensive - Essay Example We therefore adopted a supportive communication through focusing on what/how concerns in the topic, being focused on the task, upholding openness in the discussions, holding each as an equal person in the presentation and being very flexible. The proposal presentation adopted a supportive climate through high level of collaboration among the members present for the proposal presentation. The whole process was well prepared for by all members which therefore enabled everyone to n active role in defining as well as solving the problems at hand as against having to assign any person what he/she was expected to do. There was mutual understanding which espoused on empathy as n important element in supportive environment of communication. Besides, the investment committee with whom we worked were very supportive identified with us, respected our propositions and acted in a lot of care towards us which made the communication climate and environment very conducive for our presentation. In spite of our team being well structured in organizational structure, equality was well safeguarded in the presentation and discussions because the team acknowledged the quality of individual contribution towards the success of all. We however acknowledged that every person would be well placed to contribute towards any query raised from the discussions and this led to the open contribution policy while presenting as this would illustrate high levels of support to each other. The success of our presentation and discussions was much dependent on the capacity of us to work as a team and this meant that the hierarchy in responsibility s either being the chair or just a member had no place in the communication. Supportive climate of communication requires high degree of flexibility, open mindedness and general willingness to buy from new ideas presented while conversing and this was highly exhibited while presenting the business proposal to the

Adult Training in Canada Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult Training in Canada - Article Example Standard of living depends on the skills of the labor force. Thus, any nation’s economy depends upon the skills that the labor force possesses. Education and training are lifetime activities related to the working career but it is difficult to evaluate the training decisions based on the business cycle as there are many other factors that influence the training decisions. As labour market conditions improve it becomes essential to train the workforce. Training is influenced by the ‘business cycle’. As business activity increases hiring too has to increase because businesses require more staff. The staff also needs to be trained and hence as employers add staff they also undertake to train the staff. However, the ‘opportunity cost’ in training the staff is higher in a robust economy and this can reduce the incidence of training. However these are counterbalancing influences which make it difficult to relate training to business cycle. A thorough study would entail examining the entire workings of the Canadian economy which is a long-drawn process. The authors decided to restrict their query to evaluate whether the AETS instruments provide a consistent explanation of training incidence and duration for both men and women. Overall education level increased between 1992 and 1998 and more women opted for university degree. Several factors suggest that training too should have increased during this period. Based on the human capital model training should increase. Besides, between 1994 and 1998 business activity and employment rose, and this also is an indicator of rise in training. However, an aging population would imply reduced training levels. Besides, data analysis revealed changes in several factors that influence training levels. As the education level rose, people became more urban. Lifestyle changed resulting in delayed marriages and late children; men keeping out of unionism and preferring to be in employment rather than be self-employed. Men preferred to work for larger but private firms while women preferred the public sector. All these make it difficult to deduce the training duration and incidence based on the economy and business cycles. This gives rise to the query as to what factors influence an individual to undertake training. The authors draw a parallel between the human capital and the physical capital. Just as the stock and quality of physical capital comprising of machinery, equipment and computers can be augmented through investments, human capital too can be upgraded through training activities. Adults may undertake training for various reasons. This could range from a simple desire to upgrade skills after an absence from job market to desire for career advancement. Participation in training can occur at all stages in the life cycle of an individual. Thus, based on these probabilities, this study evaluated the factors that influence training decision. It further describes the incidence o f training activity during the 1990s among adult Canadians who were not part- or full-time students in any education program. The study is based on a core model of human capital accumulation over the life cycle. Various factors that influence training participation and duration were taken as the variables in this study. These include age, job tenure, hours worked and past education level. The control variables included in the study were sex, family circumstances, region of residence and firm size. Data pooled from 1992, 1994 and 1998 Adult Education and Training Surveys (AETS) were statistically analyzed. The AETS survey (1998) was the sixth in the series but for this study only the data from three surveys were compiled. The purpose of AETS was to measure participation rates for learning and training

Diagnostic Assessment Essay Example for Free

Diagnostic Assessment Essay Luis is a 32-year-old male who immigrated to the U.S. when he was 14. He later became a US citizen. Although, Spanish is his native language, he speaks English extremely well. He recently returned to living with his parents after being laid off from being a semi-skilled auto worker 6 months ago. Luis is the middle of three children. He has a younger sister and older brother, his brother is away at college. Just prior to being laid off, he became involved with a young woman he claims is â€Å"the woman I’m going to marry. † He lives with his parents after being laid-off 6 months ago when he was living with friends. He was able to find a job where he works as a pizza delivery person. His mother was diagnosed with depression following the family’s move from Puerto Rico. Luis completed high school and one year of vocational training. Luis is self-referral and has concerns about his anger and impulsivity. These issues have surfaced since his returning home. Luis also wanted to know why he isn’t himself anymore. Luis stated that, â€Å"I just don’t feel like I am doing well but I don’t know why†. He reported feeling that there is really nothing bad going on in his life, yet he just feels like everything is bad. He reports that his parents are on his case because he don’t do anything other than sit around the house. His parents tell him that he needs to get himself under control. He feels like he really is not motivated to do things anymore. Luis reports that his home life finds him being harsh to his parents, especially when they make a request of him and he becomes angry over little issues. This is the same pattern he had growing up with them. He left home when he was 22-year-old to live with buddies. He frequently argues with his girlfriend. His parents attend Christian church weekly; yet, Luis only goes on some of the major holidays like Christmas and Easter. Luis reported that he was a â€Å"C† student in high school and received a certificate for skilled machinist. Luis reported that he was an okay school student but had a hard time adjusting when he first started in the States. He stated he likes what he works at and has been successful there as people tell him he does well. Luis reported that he has many friends, yet he has not been hanging out with them as much as he was before, and he don’t feel like being with his girlfriend, because he get too angry with her. He reported that he likes to watch sports on television. Luis describes himself as a good person, but don’t think he was when he was younger. Met all milestones; at time of assessment he reported his health to be within normal limits. Luis stated that he is not on any medication. His mother was diagnosed with depression following the family’s move from Puerto Rico. No history of psychiatric admissions or behavioral disorders. Luis is neatly dressed; wearing jeans and a t-shirt; he is of average height and weight. He was alert and oriented to person, place, and time. He was soft-spoken and his speech was at normal rate. Luis was very cooperative and rapport was easily established. He came to the testing session willingly to participate but reported he had one of those nights where he had trouble getting and staying asleep. On several occasions, he slumped back in his chair. He followed directions and were observed to have times of being somewhat sluggish in his responses.

Key Drivers Of Business Process Changes Commerce Essay

Key Drivers Of Business Process Changes Commerce Essay Harmon (2007) explains about key drivers of business process change. He argues that in economically bad times, companies seek to make their processes more efficient and in good times, companies seek to expand their production and enter into new markets. There is much emphasis on improvement of processes to attract new customers and enter into new markets. Another factor which led to improvement of process is the impact of globalisation on the organisation performance especially to those companies that are engaged in the world trade. In order to compete in the global environment, companies are focusing on mergers and acquisitions to acquire new knowledge and technology. In the same vein, due to advancement of the information technology, it is easier for companies to approach customers and suppliers around the world. The breakthrough development in the information technology is the advent of internet; companies are changing their process to go online. When the buyer and seller are avai lable on one click so there is need to consider the process for redesigning. Levels of process change: To carry out the process change, it is necessary identify the levels of changes that are required for each of the process. Process re-engineering This is strategic level change, when major threats or opportunities in the businesss external environment prompt a fundamental rethinking of the large scale processes critical to the operation of the value chain. Process redesign This is intermediate scale of change in operations, appropriate for medium sized processes that require extensive change or improvement. It results in changes in job description or automation of processes.. Process improvement Appropriate for smaller, stable and existing processes which are tactical in nature and require incremental change (ACCA Student Accountant, Business Process Change, Edition 2008, p66-67) Process identification and Evaluation: Process identification is the way to identify the processes which are required to be reengineered. There are many ways in which process that need to be reengineered is determined. Process evaluation: Peter Keen (1997) explains mechanism by which an organisation evaluates the process. He suggests that by asking questions about the process, the identification of processes is possible which are required to be reengineered. First, Does the process represent an organisation to customers, employees and investors? If the answer is yes then that process is important. But if the answer is no then another question needs to be asked. Is the excellency of the process important for the performance of the company? If the answer is yes then we give priority to this process that dose need to be considered. If the answer is no then another question is asked. Does the process is necessary to support other business process? If the answer is yes then again process need to be considered but the importance is supporting process. But if the answer is no then final question is asked whether there is legal conditions apply for this process? If the answer is yes then that process is mandatory and again ne ed to be considered. Again if the answer is no then its management decision whether to continue to operate or abandoned the process. Rosemann (2001) proposes identification of the processes that need to be change or reengineered. There are two dimension proposes by the Rosemann. First, need to reorganise and second dimension is value of process. If the values of the processes are high and recognise needs are also high then process has high priority. If the process value is low but reorganise need is high then that is the second choice that we need to consider. Third set of process that we need to consider is the low value and low need for organising. If the process value is high and need to reorganise is low then reengineer is required to be carefully planned because it has impact on the other process if problem arises. Hammer and Champy (1993) suggest way to improve the process on the basis of dysfunction, importance and feasibility. Dysfunctional is where the process is in deep trouble. If the process is crucial for the customer satisfaction then it is important and feasibility in terms of that is most ready to successful redesign. Porter value chain: Porter value chain also provides the valuable analysis of the activities or processes that need to be changed or where improvement is required. In the business process reengineering, Porter (1985) is considered one of the most important mechanisms. x larger Size: 500  ÃƒÆ'-  500 Type: 13KB GIF http://www.provenmodels.com/files/2825c320f5910a4647fd289cdcf5a780/value_chain_analysis.gif (Porter Value chain Analysis Diagram- source www.google.co.uk) Porter value chain consists of primary activities and secondary activities. As shown in diagram, primary activities are inbound activities, operations, outbound logistics, sales and services. Whereas, secondary activities consist of the procurement, human resources, technology and infrastructure. When the organisation plan for reengineering, it is important to start from the primary activities because these activities are crucial for the success of the company. Business Process Reengineering: The fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed. (Hammer-1990) A strategy driven organisational initiative to (re) design of business process to achieve competitive breakthroughs performance, differing in scope from process improvement to radical new process design, contingent upon the degree of socio-technical change required. (Grover and Kettinger1995) Goals of BPR: The rapid adoption and radical change by BPR, despite its failure, is fuelled by promise to make drastic improvement in business performance. The improvement results from: Improved customer satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is one of most important benefits of reengineering. Its results are high level customers satisfaction. Customers are internal and external to the organisation. Reengineering achieves this by making organisational structure that serves through the organisation rather than department. Cost reduction: In the current dynamic environment, cost effective is considered as core competences. Many companies are focusing on how to improve the cost efficiencies. On the other hand, big cost also effects the customers satisfactions. If the companies try to reduce cost then have to compromise on the quality. Reengineering aims to produce leaner and fitter companies which can easily adapt to new product and circumstances. Gover et al (1997), addressed in their journal, Wal-Mart has been reduced restocking time from six weeks to thirty-six hours. Hewlett Packards assembly time for server computers touches new low- four minutes. Taco Bells sales soar from $500 million to $3 billion. The whole credit goes to reengineering for these breakthrough changes. Improved product and service quality: Quality is one of key determinants in making product or services offerings. In the current competitive environment, sales are made on quality rather than price. Sometimes sales are made on the basis of quality rather than price. Reengineering accomplishes this by breaking organisational structure consisting of functions where the work is passed from one function to another as a package. The responsibilities are centralised in one group rather than splitting over different departments. Harnessing skill: The success of the company depends upon the utilising the skills, knowledge and expertise of the workers. In function based, individuals work in their hierarchical layer rather than contributing their knowledge and expertise. Reengineering breaks this barrier by allowing individuals to share their knowledge and empowering them for their tasks. This enables the company to fully exploit workforce skills. Reduced times: By making work flow through and between different departments in functional structure, the business performance wasting time is quite high. The reengineering approach eliminates this wasting time by bringing together those parts of the disparate organisation working on the same task into one group. The whole process is then considered as in one domain allowing everybody in that domain to focus on the effective operations and improvement of the process. Improving value-added: Business reengineering is an effective way to identify and remove those tasks and activities which result in inefficiencies and repetition factors. This allows focusing on the value adding activities that result in creating high value for the organisation and satisfying customers needs. Faster responsiveness: Business success in todays environment depends upon responding to changes. Horton believed that his major management concern for 90s to create company that can manage surprise (Horton-1989). Functional management structures slow down the decision making procedures and hence reduce the ability of managers to deal with surprises. Reengineering encourages empowering business units to take decisions and thus increase the speed with which they react to events. It also increases the speed by the removal of the time-wasting across functional transaction in the production process. Principles of BPR: The principles of BPR are agreed upon and are reviewed to get familiar with Business Process Reengineering: Achieving step change in performance: One common principle that in favour of pioneers of the reengineering is that incremental improvement is not enough in the global competition. Global competition calls for radical improvement in the quality, services, faster response and lower cost. . Davenport points out that reengineering is all about shifting from 5 to 10m percent annual improvement to 50 percent or even higher improvement in few key processes. Firms strive for multiplicative levels of improvements rather than fractional level. (Davenport- 1993). Function vs. Process oriented organisational Structure: Holtham (2001) suggests that careful thinking is required when the company plans to change business process and especially implementing the reengineering approach to improvement. BPR is used where required and when the management has sufficient potential to follow it. Because BPR is not just process change but it results in the radical redesign of the organisation structure. Normally, process improvement changes results in a change from functional structure to the process oriented structure. People who work in the functional structure also support the process orientated structure. Many organisation try to intervened their processes with the functional structure because dont want to lose benefits of the functional specialization. Thus there is move of flexible organisational structure that has both functional and process orientation. The process improvement enables organisation to think through processes and come up with design which are more efficient and effective. It results in wee ding out of the unnecessary steps within the systems. Create customer focus: Reengineering philosophy believes that the customer is key driver behind process improvement. Hammer indicates that the seller has low bargaining power and the customer now tells the supplier where they need, what they want, how they want it and what they are willing to pay (Hammer-1993). This concept also applies to internal processes where the customer is another person, or group within the organisation. Integrating work: The philosophy of reengineering is to eliminate inefficiencies from the processes by eliminating non value- added activities. The remaining activities are simplified and integrated to create new ways of working. Sometimes the solution is achieved by giving one person the authority to handle a spectrum of operations or solution is to create multidisciplinary teams. The solution achieved by giving one person the ability to handle a spectrum of operations or the solution is to create multidisciplinary teams. The overall emphasis is on giving responsibilities for processes in few hands. Developing a process management culture: The functional management based structure is incompatible with the process culture. The working practices, skills and management responsibilities need to be redefined and more productive ways are found for harnessing the expertise of every individual within company. IT and BPR: IT and BPR have no clear relationship. There is emphasise on technological innovations rather than the organisation itself when BPR was not developed (George-1991). These innovations bring reduction in time, processing, information system and storage cost. This makes the technology as independent variable to determine changes in organisation. This researchers group have been used the technology to automate the complicated as is situation of organisations which, as reported earlier, did not have significant improvements in productivity. Parnaby 1991 states that this time, failure is partly because of wrong use of IT to automate over-complex corporate process. However, it is partly fault of IT directors who have failed to raise the importance of IT to senior executive that IT plays in transforming a business. Other researchers emphasis on organisation and BPR, and believe that people deliberately design IT for intended objectives. Kim defines BPR as that an organisation uses the IT to change the way work is being done (Kim-1994). Renkema (1995) implies that A BPR investment is regarded as long term commitment of organisational resources to achieve ambitious business goals through transformation of business processes with IT as an enabling technology. There are many successful cases of major performance improvement of IT enabled BPR in the industry (Alter et al, 1990). This group of researchers believe that IT is depended variable that is planned for and configured by managers. Role of IT in BPR: The role of IT in business process reengineering is two-way: as an Implementer or an Enabler, Lyons (1995). For the first role, it is used to support the mapping, analysis and modelling aspects of BPR and helps in transformation process. The second role is to develop major communication and system infrastructure to support the integration and automation of redesigned work process. There are some technologies which are used as enablers of BPR. Technologies such as: Local Area Networks (LANs) and Electronic Mail (Email), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Executive Information Systems (EIS), Document Image Processing (DIP). BPR Methodologies: Lucas methodology: Lucas Engineering and Systems talk about manufacturing system redesign. Their argument is that to survive in todays market, it is necessary to set high targets in current competitive market and think for radical change. In their methodology, emphasise on eliminating the non-value added activities which do not add value to the customers and result in bad system operations. Four-step approaches for waste elimination are suggested by them, namely (Lucas-1991): Simplify the systems Eliminate waste Re-organise into Natural Groups Technology improvements Another idea which is introduced here by Lucas is Natural Group. Natural group is defined in their mini guides. A Natural grouping is a multiskilled group or team who hold a whole flow chart and then sit together in one office, area or cell Davenport and Short methodology Davenport addresses five stage approaches to redesign business process by using information technology capabilities (Davenport-1990). Develop Business Vision and Process Objectives- Organisation develops the vision which leads to the redesign objective and in turn results in improvement of process. Some objectives need to be related to the specified business vision like; cost reduction, time reduction and quality. Identify Processes to Be Redesigned- In this stage; there are two major approaches; the exhaustive approach and high impact approach. In the exhaustive approach, attempts are made to identify all processes within the organisations and then priorities depending upon their urgency. In high impact approach, process is redesign which has great impact on the organisation. Understand and Measure Existing Processes- Before redesigning the process, problems are well understood so that there is no chance of repetition. Secondly, accurate measures are used as basis for future improvement. Identify IT Levers- The major role of IT is to improve coordination and information access across the organisational units. The best approach is to use the IT in the early stages of process redesign rather than developing an IT system and matching with an existing system. Design and Build a Prototype of the Process- Final stage is not final design of the process though it is based on the prototype of the design. It is suggested that the redesigned process after agreement by the process owner be implemented on pilot basis and also examined regularly for problems and objectives. The key factors in process redesign and prototype create include IT design tools and understanding generic design criteria. The redesign is fully implemented after final acceptance of the process Rummler- Brenche methodology: Rummeler- Brache (1990) wrote in their book, Improve Performance: How to manage the White Space on the organisation chart. They explained that the organisation as system and worked down from top down to develop a comprehensive picture of how organisations are defined by processes and how people define that process help in accomplishing the activities. Rummler-Brenche (1990), define three level of performance: organisational level, process level and a job or performance level. They introduce the matrix that they obtain by crossing levels with three perspectives. There are nine different concerns that managers need to consider when changing or improving processes they emphasise that approaches that only focus on process or performance level or process management are limited perspective. Goals and Measure Design and Implementation Management Organisation Level Organisational gaols measures of organisational success Organisational and implementation Organisational management Process Level Process goals and measures of process success Process design and implementation Process management Activity or performance level Activity goals and measures of activity success Activity design and implementation Activity management (Rummeler and Braches Performance framework) Process Redesign Patterns: Paul Harmon (2003) describes four basic process redesign patterns: reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœengineering, simplification, value-added analysis, and gaps and disconnects. Business Process Re-engineering: Re-engineering pattern relates to a fundamental rethinking of existing processes to achieve major dramatic improvements. To achieve radical improvements in efficiency, it starts from scratch without considering the current situation. This approach ignores the existing processes and emphasises starting by asking what the goals of processes to be achieved are and work is carried out to achieve best outcome using the latest technology.BPR is large scale change and therefore high risk of disruption is involved. Re-engineering is best suited when large scales of changes are required. However, the other three can all be applied on a more modest scale, and could therefore be more relevant to the type of practical situation presented on. Simplification: The simplification pattern assumes that most established processes are likely to have developed elements of duplication or redundancy. Process efficiency is only possible by removing these. This approach is useful on large scale business process or more limited business processes. The best starting point for this approach is to identify the process, sub processes or activities in the existing processes and challenging each activity or sub process in the sequence. This process highlights where there is tendency of duplication or redundancy. Many organisations employ simplification for the process redesign because it is less disruptive and risky in nature. Value-added analysis: Value added analysis looks at the processes from the customer point of view identifies the value adding activities which are perceived to be valued by the customers. Customers may be internal or external. This pattern looks at the process (or sub-process) from a customers perspective. A process or activity is said to add value if it meets three criteria: 1: the customer is willing to pay for the output 2: it physically changes or transforms the output 3: it is performed correctly at the first attempt. The process or activities is said to be non value adding if: 1: preparation and set-up 2: control and inspection 3: simply moving a product from one place to another without physically changing it activities that result from delays or failures of any kind. Harmon (2003) suggests that non-value-adding activities are needed to be eliminated as far as possible. Some of these activities are essential (for example set-up activities) for the value-added activity to take place. These essential support activities are value enabling activities and need to be kept. However, these activities are expected to undertaken if these are simple and cost effective which means allowing resources for the value enabling activities to be employed. Gaps and disconnects This pattern was introduced by the Geary Rummler ad Allen Brache in1990. They argue that many of the problems arise because of failure of communication between the business functions. Manufacturing makes some new product economically but marketing and sales are not aware result in failure of whole system. The gaps and disconnects put an emphasis on the careful analysis of how existing processes are being done and before thinking for its improvement. Process improvement by Six Sigma: Yang and EI-Haik(2009) in their book explain six sigma. They argue that six sigma is best approach to bring improvement in the sub processes or activities rather than large scale processes. This approach helps the management to develop the process architecture. If architecture is already in place it helps in manager in identifying the projects which have potential of success by improving process. Six Sigma emphasises that measures at any level should be tied back to higher level process and to the strategic goals as well. There are some phases in a six sigma process improvement project: Define customers requirement for the process or services Measure existing performance and compare with customer requirements Analysis existing process Improve the process design and implement it Control the results and maintain the new performance Absecon Textile-New Jersey based company: One supplier of the contract upholstery fabric has found new ways of manufacturing process which make its efforts more efficient, more profitable and more competitive. Absecon textile based in southern New Jersey implements the lean manufacturing system. After one month implementation of lean manufacture systems processes are getting changed and there is seeing 70 percent reduction in the waste material it needlessly stored. I have heard people say lean manufacturing is applicable to every industry but textile says David Adair, Vice President of the Absecon. We dont believe that. We fully expect that lean manufacturing can give us competitive advantage . (Manufacturing Journal 2003) Marketing: Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customers requirements profitably. (Chartered Institute of Marketing cited in Rowson Pauline 2009) Levison (2007), author of Gurialla Marketing noted: Marketing is not an event, but a process.. It has a beginning, a middle, but never an end, for it a process. You improve it, perfect it, even pause it. But you never stop it completely. Importance of marketing: Marketing has strategic importance in todays competitive environment even the finance department not able to work without integration with the marketing department. The key to success in the current environment is to satisfy the customer needs and business trends by using marketing skills. Due to its importance, different companies employ marketing at different levels depending upon their need but consider it as essential element for business success. The Conference Board (2007) survey of the top CEO Challenge acknowledges the importance of the marketing. The report highlights the marketing challenges that are different at global level. CEO in Europe focuses on more new and responsive ideas. Due to this reason adoption and flexibility to change is more dominant in the Europe rather than Asia and America. The importance of the marketing for building brands and customers loyalty are accepted by all CEOs. Marketing Practices: Coveille et al (2002) in Contemporary marketing Practice Framework addresses five marketing approaches which the company adopts depending upon the customers and industry: Transactional marketing: is based on management of marketing mix to attract and satisfy customers needs and active communications to buyers in the mass market in order to create an arms length transaction. Database marketing: It involves using database technology to create relationship, thus allowing firms to compete differently from the mass market. E-marketing: It involves the use of internet and other technologies to create and settle dialogue between the company and customers. Interaction marketing: It is based on face to face interaction between individuals. This approach is highly practical because both parties customer and market invest resources to develop mutual relationship with each others. Marketing strategy: Marketing strategy is the process by which an organisation communicate its business objectives and strategy into market activity (Paul Field, 2006) Marketing strategy helps to identify the target market, what directions need to be taken and what actions need to be taken to create dependable position in the market. To this end, the core objectives of the marketing strategy are focused on the buyer behaviour and identifying the market that needs to be target and marketing programme moves around the marketing strategy. Weitz and Wensley (1998) defines marketing strategy as, it is an indicator that is specific towards which activities to be targeted and how to develop and exploit the competitive advantage. In order to get the best outcome, strategy requires clear objectives and focus on the organisation corporate goals; it also involves selecting the right customers and developing the marketing mix to implement the marketing strategy successfully. (Varadarajan 1999) A strategic market plan layouts the methods and resources required to achieve organisation goals within a specific market. Marketing department has responsibility to adopt those policies and procedure which can fulfil the customers needs. It takes into account not only marketing but also involves finance, human resources, research and development and production. The concept of strategic business units is used to define areas of consideration in specific marketing plan. Strategic business unit is a division, product line or other profit centre within a parent company. (Dibb et al 2001) Vass 2006 explains some strategies which the textile companies adopts to improve the growth and prosperity of the business. He also believes that marketing is not just about the sales. It is ongoing process of creating and maintaining relationships and measuring results. Marketing managers are required to implement strategy that helps in satisfying customer need and market targets. Market share strategy: Market share strategy is based on gaining the large share in the operating market. The success of this strategy depends upon the market penetration and the customer has to perceive that your offerings are unique. Before implementing this strategy, target market is defined? How the customers perceive your offering in relation to competitors. This information is helpful in targeting the right customers and develops communication links with the existing and potential customers. Market expansion: Seeks to expand the market size. To implement this strategy, markers are sure about the potential customers in the target market and competitors action. Market segmentation: Market segmentation concentrates on segmenting the market according to their homogenous needs and wants. Position strategy: A positioning strategy is psychological. It is designed to create and maintain a specific image in the customers mind. Its all about how the customers think and feel. Product life cycle strategy: The product life cycle strategy is driven by innovation and can apply to brand or to a product category. Its duration may be only for few months or century. Product life has four stages such as introduction, growth, maturity and decline. At the introduction stage, advertising cost is normally highly for making people aware of company offerings Quality: To implement the quality strategy, it is necessary to have better design or offering more durable product or more reliable services or faster delivery. Vass (2006) suggests that marketer should select one or two areas where they are superior to the competition and implement marketing strategy that identifies these specific attributes. Reminder strategy: Strategy is communication based. It targets regular and loyal customers to remind them to make an additional or replacement order. Simplicity strategy: Simplicity emphasis on the customer convenience. Businesses and customers are overwhelmed with the complexity and choices of goods and services available to them, with the product fully functional and features that only a small number of the users ever use. Strategic Marketing Plan and Planning: Planning: Planning is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources. A plan helps to avoid losing direction and to uncover the hidden opportunities. An organisational success depends upon careful planning. So preparing a satisfactory plan of the organization is essential because it helps the business in terms of products, management, finance, market and competitions. If appropriate intention is given to the planning then

Use Of Geological Knowledge In Building A House Construction Essay

Use Of Geological Knowledge In Building A House Construction Essay A house provides warmth, security and comfort for us human. In order to build houses that meet the safety requirements and occupants expectations, geological knowledge is important as a base for the construction of these buildings. A house is not build on a fluffy cloud, but on a solid ground where we have to first mount slab or lay concrete beams as the main foundation systems. It is also a common construction technique in wet and coastal areas where houses are put up on posts. Before the decision to purchase a land or home is made, the type of ground where the house is going to be built on must first be determined. It is important to have a stable soil because there could be many drawbacks if the ground is unstable. If a house is built over loose soil conditions, the house will slowly sink. And if a house is built over an old dump site, it may be exposed to gases from the toxic waste below the surface. Units of houses that are to be put up on hill slopes must consider various factors including the slope gradient, soil and rock engineering properties, drainage system, ground water table, geological factor and rainfall intensity. Hill slopes and elevated areas must be assessed holistically, taking into account those factors that are inter-dependent. Local authorities should advise house buyers by providing geological reports related to the proposed site before these buyers are to make decision on whether to buy properties residing near hill slopes. In Malaysia, slopes have been classified into four classes and four levels of height. Class 1 is for slopes of less than 15 degrees, Class 2 for slopes of between 15 and 25 degrees, Class 3 for slopes of 25 to 35 degrees and Class 4 where slopes are more than 35 degrees. There exist guidelines that ban building activities on slopes of more than 35 degrees. Besides, slopes with granite and schist have a layer of soil in between and are prone to landslides. In advancement, man-made slope disasters can be minimised by focusing on three technical phases, namely planning, during construction and post-construction activities. In the planning phase, submitting engineers must undertake a detailed investigation of the soil condition prior to drawing up the building plan so that accurate engineering measurements can be formulated to ensure the building can stand firmly on the ground. Under during construction phase, periodic inspection by the regulatory authorities should be implemented to ensure that the construction is executed according to the design requirements and safety aspects. Lastly, during the post-construction phase, monitoring instrumentation and periodic slope maintenance should be carried out. By having proper slope maintenance, signs of slope instability can be detected earlier and minor slope repair can be done, thus minimising the risk of large-scale slope failure. The cost of major slope repair is much more expensive than car rying out maintenance works. Nevertheless, slopes stability can be maintained by terracing and ploughing contour to prevent soil being washed downhill, planting tree belts to provide windbreaks and retention of straw and crop litter to protect the surface from erosion. Usually, benching, constructing  retaining walls,  shotcreting and putting up steel nets are some other methods of maintaining a slope. In addition, authorities must ensure the intensity and direction of underground water flow, type of rocks in the soil and ability of retaining structures to support the ground. Developers must have flexible pipe fittings installed to avoid water leaks while in mudflow areas, channels or deflection walls are to be built to direct the flow of water around buildings. Inclusively, some of the  precipitation  that falls onto the land  infiltrates  into the ground to become ground water. Once in the ground, some of this water travels close to the land surface and emerges very quickly as discharge into streambeds. However, because of gravity, much of the rain water continues to sink deeper into the ground. Water can move both horizontally or vertically once it meets the water table (below which the soil is saturated). Water moving downward can also meet more dense and water-resistant non-porous rock and soil, which causes it to flow in a more horizontal fashion. The direction and speed of groundwater movement is determined by the various characteristics of aquifers and confining layers of subsurface rocks in the ground. This event can cause geo-hazards because when water flows underground without being monitored, landslide or sinking of soil can take place. After identifying the geological factors related to the ground where the house is to be built on, we next identify the geological aspects that contribute to the construction of the house itself. Walls of a house can be made of so many different materials such as mud and clay, rock, wood, bricks or concrete. The deciding factor is usually connected with the quality of the  soil being used. Larger amounts of  clay  usually mean using the  cob/adobe  style, while low clay soil is usually associated with  sod  building. Soil and especially clay is good  thermal mass. Homes built with earth tend to be naturally cool in the summer heat and warm in cold weather. In Malaysia, houses are made of either clay or sand bricks. Clay bricks are a little more expensive than sand bricks but clay bricks are more practical to Malaysian houses as they are naturally cool in the Malaysian heat. Rock structures are the longest durable building material available, and are usually readily available. There is a simple rule to follow on building a solid rock wall; durable and strong stones must be used. Rock is a very dense material so it gives a lot of protection and must be impervious to moisture. Some of the best rocks to be used are those made of hard shale or schist because they have natural flat cleavage planes when split. Its main draw-back as a material is its weight and awkwardness. Its  energy density  is also considered a big draw-back, as rock is hard to keep warm without using large amounts of heating resources. A house is not complete without a roof. Nowadays, there are many types of roofing materials being used to shelter a house. On the other hand, developers must also consider the slanting of roof and geographical location of a house. The most common roofing material use in Malaysia is clay/concrete roof tiles for urban house dwellers and metal shingles for rural houses. Both concrete and clay tiles have longer lifespan, require low maintenance and are resistant to rot and insects. Then again, clay is very heavy and also fragile. For buildings in equatorial regions with warm and humid climate like Malaysia, the roof has been said to be a major source of heat gain. According to the Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), the principle of earth-base materials provide natural cool also apply to roof whereby although the most expensive, clay roof tiles can keep a house cool in the Malaysia heat as it is proven to have the best thermal performance with respect to MRT. The highly recommended material for reflective insulator is double-sided aluminium foil which can be used to replace mass insulation materials due to higher thermal performance. Hybrid ceiling proved to have the best performance in reducing thermal radiation into the interior space, followed by plaster board and cement board. In order to complete the house, flooring materials are needed. The geological aspect of the house must first be clarified. If the house is located in a moisture area, use flooring material that does not rot and will not absorb water, such as stone, marble and granite, or concrete slabs, whereas in a very cold area, material such as linoleum is used. Some stone tiles such as polished granite, marble, and travertine are very slippery when wet but they keep mold and mildew away. Some of the softer stone such as limestone tiles are not suitable for very heavy traffic floor areas. As recently as the 1970s, wall-to-wall carpeting was a standard selection for homeowners who were purchasing new flooring. Linoleum was popular in the kitchen, and bathrooms were often covered with inexpensive vinyl tiles. It also used to be that granite and marble surfaces or rougher, more rustic stone materials seen only in vacation cabins or backyard patios. Nowadays, floors of houses are assortments of all t hese classified materials. Lastly, up until the 1970s, asbestos has been the most popular material for ceiling tiles. It is only recently found that asbestos is unsafe if the material is airborne; hence, contaminated  ceiling tiles  are risky if damaged. Ceiling tiles are lightweight tiles fabricated from perlite, mineral wool, and fibers (from recycled paper) are used in the interior of buildings. They are placed on a steel grid and they provide thermal but especially sound insulation. Here in Malaysia, it is proven that hybrid ceiling (combination of aluminium foil and rockwool) is able to produce the lowest MRT  followed by plaster board and cement board. In a nutshell, the acquirement of comprehensive knowledge of the house foundation, materials to use and experts advice is important. These skills are geological knowledge needed in building a perfect house. (1524 words)

Georger Washington Essay -- Presidents England Farms Papers

George Washington The king of England, George III, was fond of farming. His favorite diversion was to ride about his lands, chatting with the tenants about the crops. "Farmer George," he called himself. His arch-opponent, George Washington, had the same fondness for farming. He too enjoyed riding about his lands and talking about the crops. Indeed there was nothing else he enjoyed quite so much. But there the likeness ceased. And among the many other matters that differentiated George Washington from George III, none was more striking than his greater dignity and reserve. George Washington would never have taken the liberty of calling himself "farmer George," nor would he have allowed anyone else to do so. Even his close friends took care to keep their distance, and those who forgot to were apt to be brought up sharp. A familiar anecdote, through perhaps apocryphal, well illustrates Washington's customary posture toward himself and toward others. During the meeting of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia a group of Washington's friends were remarking on his extraordinarily reserved and remote manner, even among his most intimate acquaintances. Gouverneur Morris, who was always full of boldness and wit, had the nerve to disagree. He could be as familiar with Washington, he said, as with any of his other friends. Alexander Hamilton called his bluff by offering to provide a supper and wine for a dozen of them if Morris would, at the next reception Washington gave, simply walk up to him, gently slap him on the shoulder, and say, "My dear General, how happy I am to see you look so well." On the appointed evening a substantial number were already present when Morris arrived, walked up to Washington, bowed, shook hands, an... ...im in the election that elevated Jefferson to the presidency. But he need not have feared. The republic did survive and long preserved the aloofness from foreign quarrels that he had prescribed for it. His honor survived with it, and posterity has preserved his image in all the aloofness that he prescribed for himself. Although the mass of citizens have learned to look upon most of their other historical heroes with an affectionate familiarity, they have not presumed to do so with Washington. The good judgment that he was sure they possessed has prevented a posthumous repetition of the folly perpetrated by Gouverneur Morris. Americans honor the father of their country from a respectful distance. And that is surely the way Washington would have wanted it. --from Edmund S. Morgan, The Meaning of Independence (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976) Georger Washington Essay -- Presidents England Farms Papers George Washington The king of England, George III, was fond of farming. His favorite diversion was to ride about his lands, chatting with the tenants about the crops. "Farmer George," he called himself. His arch-opponent, George Washington, had the same fondness for farming. He too enjoyed riding about his lands and talking about the crops. Indeed there was nothing else he enjoyed quite so much. But there the likeness ceased. And among the many other matters that differentiated George Washington from George III, none was more striking than his greater dignity and reserve. George Washington would never have taken the liberty of calling himself "farmer George," nor would he have allowed anyone else to do so. Even his close friends took care to keep their distance, and those who forgot to were apt to be brought up sharp. A familiar anecdote, through perhaps apocryphal, well illustrates Washington's customary posture toward himself and toward others. During the meeting of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia a group of Washington's friends were remarking on his extraordinarily reserved and remote manner, even among his most intimate acquaintances. Gouverneur Morris, who was always full of boldness and wit, had the nerve to disagree. He could be as familiar with Washington, he said, as with any of his other friends. Alexander Hamilton called his bluff by offering to provide a supper and wine for a dozen of them if Morris would, at the next reception Washington gave, simply walk up to him, gently slap him on the shoulder, and say, "My dear General, how happy I am to see you look so well." On the appointed evening a substantial number were already present when Morris arrived, walked up to Washington, bowed, shook hands, an... ...im in the election that elevated Jefferson to the presidency. But he need not have feared. The republic did survive and long preserved the aloofness from foreign quarrels that he had prescribed for it. His honor survived with it, and posterity has preserved his image in all the aloofness that he prescribed for himself. Although the mass of citizens have learned to look upon most of their other historical heroes with an affectionate familiarity, they have not presumed to do so with Washington. The good judgment that he was sure they possessed has prevented a posthumous repetition of the folly perpetrated by Gouverneur Morris. Americans honor the father of their country from a respectful distance. And that is surely the way Washington would have wanted it. --from Edmund S. Morgan, The Meaning of Independence (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976)

Comparing My Papa’s Waltz and Listening to grownups quarrel Essay

Comparring My Papa’s Waltz and Listening to grownups quarrel  Ã‚   Poems are often designed to express deep feelings and thoughts about a particular theme. In Theodore Roethke’s poem, My Papa’s Waltz, and Ruth Whitman’s poem, Listening to grownups quarreling, the theme of childhood is conveyed through their details, although we can neither see a face nor hear a voice. These poems are very much alike in their ideas of how their memories pertain to the attitudes of their childhood; however, the wording and tones of the two poems are distinct in how they present their memories. The two poems can be compared and contrasted through the author’s use of tone, imagery, and recollection of events; which illustrate each author’s memories of childhood. The tone of a poem can only by recognized when reading carefully and paying close attention to the words and what they might suggest. The rhyme scheme of My Papa’s Waltz is extremely relevant to the poem. For example, in the first stanza dizzy and easy create the rollicking rhythm, as does the following stanza’s with the same pattern. The structure of words create an almost "waltz" like melody. The phrase " we romped until the pans / Slid from the kitchen shelf" and " waltzed me off to bed" (Roethke 5-6, 15), convey a pleasant atmosphere to the reader. The title itself creates an affectionate attitude with the connection of Papa and waltz. The choice of words and details are used systematically to produce thoughts to the reader of happiness and affection, thus, establishing the tone of this poem. The tone of Listening to grownups quarreling, has a completely different impact. When reading this poem, the reader has a more sad outlook on the thoughts of this author’s memories. Whitman uses ... ...nal family. The second poem uses harsh details described in similes, metaphors, and personification. The message of a horribly bad childhood is clearly defined by the speaker in this poem. Finally, the recollection of events, as described by the two speakers, is distinguished by the psychological aspect of how these two children grew up. Because the first child grew up in a passive home where everything was hush-hush, the speaker described his childhood in that manner; trying to make it sound better than what it actually was. The young girl was very forward in describing her deprivation of a real family and did not beat around the bush with her words. It is my conclusion that the elements of tone, imagery, and the recollection of events are relevant to how the reader interprets the message conveyed in a poem which greatly depends on how each element is exposed.   

Essay --

Ans. Today a typical operation spends and takes in several hundred thousand dollars per year , and income over a million dollars are not uncommon. The irregularity of income and expenses, and the use of intensive technologies have become very capital have adequate funding in the key to the success of a business right time. The use of capital and credit has modern investors with a series of decisions to make : †¢ How much to invest? †¢ Where to get capital? †¢ What combination of equity and debt to use? †¢ How to negotiate rates and terms of the credit? †¢ How much financial risk to take ? Making good financial decisions is often the difference between a thriving economy , growing farm business and is constantly wondering how to pay the next bill. The modules in this course of professional study will address the above decisions , and more. Although the modules are arranged in a logical sequence , can be completed in any order you want. According keeper and ambrosio , " Financial Management is the application of the functions of planning and control of the finance function. " ï  ® Financial decisions are decisions concerning the financial matters of a Firm. The financial decisions are grouped into three categories. 1. Investment decisions. 2. Financing decisions. 3. Dividend decisions. Investment decisions An investment decision revolves around the capital expenditure assets that produce the best performance of the company over a period of time desired . In other words , the decision is about what to buy for the company will get the maximum value. To do this, the company has to find a balance between your short term and long term. In the very short term , a company needs money to pay your bills, but keeping all your cash means you ... ...ned as: WACC= [kd(D/D+E) + ke (E/D+E)] D= Dividend E= Equity Kd= cost of debt Ke= cost of equity WACC= value of the firm The WACC for the firm may be calculated as follows: % 0f Equity % of Debt Cost Of Debt Cost Of Equity Cost of capital of Debt Cost of capital of Equity WACC 100% 0% 5% 12% 0.00% 12.00% 12.00% 90% 10% 5% 12% 0.50% 10.80% 11.30% 80% 20% 5% 12.50% 1.00% 10.00% 11.00% 70% 30% 5.50% 13% 1.65% 9.10% 10.75% 60% 40% 6% 14% 2.40% 8.40% 10.80% 50% 50% 6.50% 16% 3.25% 8.00% 11.25% 40% 60% 7% 20% 4.20% 8.00% 12.20% The optimal debt equity mix for the company occurs at a point when the overall cost of capital, ko, is minimum. The above calculations show that the ko is minimum at a point when the debt is 30% of the total capital employed. Therefore, the firm should use 30% debt and 70% equity in its capital structure and its ko would be 10.75%.

Economic Reaction Paper Essay

This article reviews the developments of consumer prices in the euro area during the 2008-09 recessions. The European economy is commonly measured by using what is called the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). The HICP is a price stability and inflation indicator used by the European Central Bank system, assembled using methodsthat are generally accepted throughout the European Union (E.U.). The European Central Bank uses the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices to assess when changes to short term interest rates are needed to adjust inflation levels in European economies. Compared with previous recessions, overall HICP inï ¬â€šation experienced a sharp decline, but this was the result of the greater impact of commodity price developments on the food and energy components of the HICP, rather than a response to the exceptional changes in economic slack. In fact, the more domestically generated parts of inï ¬â€šation, as measured by the HICP excluding food and energy, were re latively resilient given the severity of the recession. This resilience was in line with the weakening relationship between the degree of economic slack and inï ¬â€šation that has been observed over the last twenty years. Nominal rigidities in the labor markets, especially as inï ¬â€šation approached zero, and stronger expectations of inflation may have played an important role in the negative ï ¬â€šuctuations in price and wage inï ¬â€šation over the economic cycle. In the United States, developments in inï ¬â€šation excluding food and energy were also broadly in line with those during previous recessions. However, the labor cost adjustment in the United States was quicker to reï ¬â€šect the economic conditions than in the euro area as a whole, and was the result of both lower wage growth and gains in productivity. The ï ¬ ndings on past inï ¬â€šation adjustments can help to determine the outlook for euro area inï ¬â€šation. In particular, they can help to explain why the currently available inï ¬â€šation forecasts and projections for 2012 from private and international organizations remain elevated, despite the slowdown in growth observed in 2011. To fully understand this article, one must understand that changes in commodity prices have a direct impact on the food and energy components of the HICP, as commodities are either consumed directly or constitute signiï ¬ cant input into the ï ¬ nal product, therefore drastically effect GDP and GNP. In the case of the energy component, crude oil is the basis for reï ¬ ned energy products, such as  transport fuels and heating oil. Crude oil prices also have a strong impact on gas prices and, to a lesser extent, on electricity prices. This is what is called profit push. When crude oil prices go up, generally all other prices go up due to oil’s general overhead and it’s versatile usage in the production and transportation of goods and services. The level of oil prices also has implications for the weight of energy in the HICP basket. The above-average price trend of energy products, together with rising energy consumption, has translated into a steadily growing sha re of energy in total consumption. As a result, the weight in the HICP basket in 2011 was over 10%, which is almost double what it was in the 1970s. Mechanically, this implies that any given percentage increase in energy prices will have a greater impact on overall HICP inï ¬â€šation than in previous decades. There are several reasons why weak disinï ¬â€šation pressures may arise, even in the presence of signiï ¬ cant changes in economic activity. One of the main reasons is labor market rigidity. According to this article, labor costs account for around 27% of euro area ï ¬ rms’ total production input costs. Therefore, rigidities in the adjustment of these costs can explain a substantial part of any lack of responsiveness of inï ¬â€šation. Labor costs are ultimately determined by the combination of wages and productivity. The growth rate of unit labor costs actually increased until the end of 2008, when economic activity reached its lowest point in the recession, and this, owing to a relatively smaller fall in employment, translated into productivity losses. At first glance, I was a little taken back by all the info rmation that I was reading. But after analyzing the information, I started to understand the European economy and how inflation is manipulated. After reading this article I feel like I have a better grasp on economic rigidity in Europe and how labor is one of the main reasons for this. I feel like this article is important because it shows the causal effects from crude oil prices to goods and services in the economy. I personally enjoyed reading and analyzing this article.

Bp Oil Spill

Television if full of advertizement and propaganda. As well as the internet with advertisement popups and clips on the sides of exclusively webpage. Propaganda is information set divulge by an constitution or government to promote and idea or cause. Many of these ar misleading and bias, arduous to make you regard in the identical things they do and convince you to participate in whatever cause they ar in. reckon ab come forward some of the commercials you seen on video such as refreshfuls reports, movies, policy- devising ads, and rec only in all ads.The virtually memorable to me atomic number 18 recall ads such as lawyers making announcements for medicines and compensation. As well as when pick while comes around and all of the runners ar chargeting their names fall out there. Also, every twenty-four hour period, watching the news on new crimes vent on in the cosmos and previews for my next favorite movie. Those are all different techniques of propaganda. T he purpose of me writing this demonstrate is to appearance you the propaganda in a unprejudiced informative commercial or news c inunct color. My of import focus depart be on the BP oil tumble.The first sociology conjecture I will compare with is symbolic interactionism. symbolical interactionism is the use of symbols or appear to face interaction. The counselling that this relates to the BP oil molt is the way that the owner of the company, Kenneth R. Fineburg, said that he was release to help and compensate the victims of the oil spill. Commercials and speeches were make about(predicate) his plans to pay back for the modify and loss of wages that his company had cause the gulf of Mexico and victims.The second theory will be functionalism. Functionalism is the relationship between parts of society. In this situation, the society came to nettleher and fought to be correct to get their lost wages back. Claiming they nurture mortgages, bills, car payments, and children to pay for and they halt non been operative in 8 months. Citizens of the affect area appeared on news cast and commercials were made explaining their situations, assay to reach out to some peerless that they needed help.The last theory is the conflict theory. Conflict theory instrument competition of scarce resources or the elite group control the poor and weak. This relates to this situation as the big man, Mr. Fineburg, having the bullion and resources to help the quite a little out with their lost wages. As, well his colleagues were trying to tell him that he was over compensating the victims. They had all of the control over whether or non the victims were going to be able to get paid and bailed out of this mess that one man was responsible for.In conclusion, propaganda was used in shipway to reach out to populate about the real problems going on in the gulf of Mexico during the time of the BP oil spill. I used the 3 main theories of sociology to compare how each of them relates to the oil spill. The rich over powering the poor, how society came in concert to get help, and the interaction between the people when the word needed to be put out. RESOURCE Schwartz, J. (2011, February 17). Gulf of Mexico Oil throw Blog. Retrieved from http//gulfofmexicooilspillblog. com/2011/02/17/gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill-blog-bp-propaganda/Bp Oil SpillBP anoint SPILL Under the Deepwater Horizon, an offshore burn down ring of British crude oil (BP) caused an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The accident occurred on April 20th 2010, where equipment failed and caused the explosion change posture the ring, and ca use the death of 11 workers and a great deal than 17 workers injured. The British based pushing company also faced early(a) problems at the site of the oil spill. to a greater extent than 40 million gallons (estimated data) of oil spewed into the Gulf of Mexico.Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is a very serious threat for the wildlife as it causes water pollution. The oil spill comp allowe many coastal areas in the US, interchangeable the Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. The oil spill tragedy strongly damaged wildlife cycle in the Gulf of Mexico, and many species were impel into extinction. Similarly, thousands of businesses were thrown into extinction. Many people has questioned the ethical decisions and mall value system that BP used to cut corners with the accident namely, the race to maximize moolah at all costs.We are all aware that one of the main causes that let to the disaster were the result of bad decisions, in which a less expensive natural selection (whether to run a test or use a particular chassis casing pipe, for example) would save lives. in that location has been range in dollars spent on research concerning how to traveling bag oil spills for off-shore utilisationing by BP scorn the companys NET profits above and beyond all salaries, bonuses, or overhead costs- of to a greater exten t than $59 BILLION (The Rachel Maddow Show on MSNBC, aired at 7 p. m.EST on June 28, Monday). The paperwork submitted to the U. S. Minerals Management Services (MMS) by BP in 2008 was 582 pages long, supposedly covering all of BPs trading operations in the Gulf of Mexico. However, they omitted their ability to dish out with oil spills in a worst- pillow outcome scenario full to get their permits for drilling. An separate very unethical act by BP was when President Obama was schedule to visit Louisiana back than, BP hurriedly hired temporary workers and handed out gear (paper haz-mat uniforms, etc. , still told these temps non to talk to anyone. As soon as all the TV cameras and the presidents motorcade left the area, these for show only hires immediately stopped working (a local government official took photos and try to question a few, who advised him they were not supposed to talk to anyone, on BPs ordinates). They did not come back on the quest day or any day thereafter.O n the zero dollars spent for developing back-up systems, BP advised The Rachel Maddow Shows representative that they rely on an organization which they claimed does spill research as yet though the investigators from the show discovered the organization named by BP does not receive any money from BP nor do they do research for ways to stop oil spills. In other words, BP was unethical and lied again. This British Petroleum is listed as the fourth wealthiest corporation in the entire world, and yet they lie about the extent of their spill.They fudged figures and information (against the law) in order to get a license to drill in American waters, they did not even bother to change the batteries for the system they claimed was their back-up. BP, as most oil companies (and other business), are aimed at making as much money as possible. In this case because of the big cover up the media did, BP was obligate to fix the problem, and it is a problem that its cost them major money, both th rough not bad(p) up and lost product. BP has so utmost committed $42 billion to alter up.I really hope that BP (and other companies) wise(p) the lesson, that chemise corners and cost reduction is not the only point that organizations should focus on. It is not safe to cut corners and presume that things will not happen. Make ethical decision, have back up plans, and worst case scenario preparation. If BP would be more ethical and do the right things either by using the latest safety precautions when drilling (not cutting corners, and reducing costs), and moving faster and more dynamically when the disaster occurred, they could have avoided billions in cleanup and damages that they faced and are still facing now.The BP oil spill has offered a moment for reflection for leaders around the world about their most basic beliefs. To many people, the BP oil spill has brought home the idea that future corporeal leaders must develop individual(prenominal) ethical standards for making d ecisions that go beyond just a financial calculation. There are plenty of business practices that are legal, but fall short in being ethical. But I believe being ethical does pay off, behind and steadily. You may lose some opportunities, but your reputation and self-perception is invaluable.